Vol 1, No 1-2 (2021)

Literature data of recent years on comparative characteristics, diagnosis and prognosis of myocardial infarction of the first and second types are analyzed. The data on the epidemiology of myocardial infarction of the second type (IM2t) are presented, which at the moment seem to be rather contradictory. The combination of several modern methods of instrumental and laboratory diagnostics, for example, the use of intracoronary imaging with optical coherence tomography or intravascular ultrasound in combination with highly sensitive methods of cardiac troponin determination may be of special diagnostic significance. Most authors currently support the idea of an individualized approach in the treatment of patients with IM2t. But the ongoing randomized trials comparing modern approaches in diagnostics with conservative treatment in relation to 2-year total mortality in patients with IM2t should soon give an idea of treatment efficacy.

In this literature review the problem of treatment of such an urgent disease in surgery as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities was considered. The main subject of discussion in the article was the choice between conservative therapy and surgical correction in the treatment of DVT in order to prevent the development of thromboembolic complications, as well as consideration of the advantages of various methods of surgical intervention. The aim of the work is to analyze Russian and foreign articles and monographs published over the last few years and devoted to this problem. According to the literature sources, the relevance of the problem in surgical practice is confirmed due to the lack of standardized treatment and high rates of lethal outcomes from thromboembolic complications.

This literature review describes the components of the intestinal barrier that maintain its integrity and evaluates their contribution to the development of increased intestinal permeability syndrome. Data on the relationship of intestinal permeability syndrome and excess bacterial translocation with autoimmune diseases - celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune hepatitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus - are analyzed. The reasons for the occurrence of this syndrome are considered, its significance in the occurrence of these diseases and in the development of therapeutic and preventive measures is determined.

Today it is proved that chronic endometritis and the underlying complex of morphofunctional changes of the endometrium is the cause of key problems of obstetrics and gynecology, realized in menstrual cycle disorders, infertility, pregnancy failure, IVF failures. The available data on the pathogenesis of the disease and treatment options cannot fully satisfy clinicians. This review presents new information about the regulatory role of genes of HOX family, lipopolysaccharides and inflammasomes in the development of chronic endometritis, considers innovative methods of therapy of chronic endometritis, which have shown their effectiveness.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common among female cancers worldwide. Side effects of chemotherapy require rational, correct and selective application of rehabilitation measures. The principle of individualization is one of the fundamental principles in the rehabilitation process. The present literature review reveals the current data on the goals and principles of rehabilitation programs for patients who have undergone breast cancer treatment.

Infectious diseases every year attract more and more attention of the scientific community because of high lethality and lack of means of etiotropic therapy of some of them. Among the total number of pediatric pathologies, acute respiratory infections are of special interest because of high morbidity, constant change of etiologic factor, and a wide range of viral agents. This year in Wuhan city there was an outbreak of pneumonia caused by a new, previously unreported virus. The rapid spread and severity of clinical manifestations caused by the new infection has posed challenges to physicians related to the development of means of diagnosis of infection, therapy of manifestations and specific prophylaxis. The aim of this work is to study and summarize the data on the severity of clinical manifestations and peculiarities of the course of a new coronavirus infection in children.

Presepsin is a new promising early marker of bacterial infection. The paper considers the significance of presepsin monitoring in surgical patients. Both the isolated determination of presepsin and the utilization of presepsin along with the use of integrated severity rating scales and other current widely used biomarkers such as procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, interleukins and others are evaluated. The causes of non-infectious elevation of presepsin levels are reviewed. Conclusions are drawn about the prospective use of presepsin in surgical patients for diagnosis, therapy monitoring, risk stratification and prognosis.

Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is an urgent problem in gynecology, as well as in other fields of medicine. The etiology of this syndrome is diverse and quite individual.  Differential diagnosis is difficult due to the close anatomical and functional relationship of the pelvic organs. At the moment, ultrasound (ultrasound) acts as a first-line tool, but often the data obtained are not enough to make an accurate and complete diagnosis. In order to determine the cause of the SCTB, it is then necessary to use additional clarifying diagnostic methods. Correct diagnosis leads to the appointment of timely adequate treatment, which contributes to the early recovery of patients and improvement of their quality of life.

The COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the most severe crises for society and public health in the last decade. Having a lot of unfavorable consequences for society, such epidemics are always associated with unfavorable consequences for mental health. Studies of professional burnout and emotional maladaptation of medical workers worldwide are of particular relevance in the current conditions, when medical personnel are forced to work with extreme workload and increased threat of infection. Having analyzed the available relevant data from different countries of the world, it is necessary to speak about the importance of development and implementation of preventive measures of professional burnout, emotional maladjustment and psychotrauma among medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as one of the leading groups of drugs by volume of consumption are an important component of modern therapy. However, numerous literature data and clinical studies draw attention to the relationship between analgesic intake and reproductive health. Prolonged systematic use of NSAIDs negatively affects fertility and functional status of reproductive organs in both female and male. The use of this group of drugs during pregnancy also has a pathological effect on the formation of the reproductive system of the fetus, hence on the reproductive potential of future generations. Consequently, NSAID therapy should be used with caution by persons of childbearing age.

Demyelinating diseases (DD) are the most common cause of severe physical limitations among adult patients of working age. The severity of the clinical picture and the impossibility of complete cure force physicians to resort to alternative medicine to alleviate patients' symptoms. To date, the most accessible and well-known alternative in the treatment of DZ is phytotherapy. The popularity of plant-based preparations among patients necessitates the search for reliably safe and effective preparations that can be recommended by the treating physician and the scientific community. Dissemination of knowledge about phytopreparations among practicing physicians is equally important, as it will allow neurologists and therapists to make recommendations to patients with a higher degree of reliability.

The worsening epidemiologic situation and the increasing spread of a new coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 requires an early search and development of an etiologic and pathogenetic drug for possible use not only in the treatment of clinical manifestations of the new coronavirus infection, but also as a prophylactic agent. Since April 2020, there has been increased interest in the drug Bromhexine hydrochloride as a TMPRSS-2 inhibitor. The introduction of bromhexine hydrochloride into medical practice for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 may help to slow the increase in incidence. Worldwide recognition of the inhibitory effect of bromhexine on TMPRSS-2 will allow it to be repurposed and recommended not only as a prophylactic agent to prevent infection but also for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. The question of the drug dosing regimen and duration of course administration, as well as possible positive effects in combination with other groups of drugs remains insufficiently studied.

This literature review analyzes the clinical picture of the course of a new coronavirus infection in children from the beginning and throughout the pandemic period. Quite important aspects in the diagnosis of COVID-19 are also described, and treatment methods for children with coronavirus infection are covered. Preventive measures against the new infection in children are highlighted in order to reduce the increase in incidence and stop the spread of infection worldwide.

To date, the data on reference intervals of human temperature, for the analysis of both pathological processes and normal deviation, have not been systematized to the end. Terminology from various sources is summarized to address this issue. The difference between body and skin temperature is presented. In the course of literature search among domestic and foreign scientific publications, the dependencies of skin and/or body temperature on sex, age, race, circadian rhythms, physical activity, and physique are highlighted and discussed in detail. Conclusions are made about a wider range of normal human body temperature taking into account the considered dependencies. This indicates that so far the ranges of normal human body temperature in different points of the body remain uncertain and there is an opportunity for further research and creation of a unified methodology for measuring body temperature.

This paper considers the relevance of the use of single lung irradiation in the treatment of pneumonia caused by a new coronavirus infection. Clinical observations demonstrating the prospect in the treatment of this disease are presented. Patients with severe pneumonia who received LD-RT (low-dose radiation therapy) at a dose of 0.5-1.5 Gy showed shorter recovery time and absence of complications. This treatment method has been shown to be effective in a number of studies from different countries, predicting success and economic benefit with further use and study. A literature search for relevant studies was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar using the keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, pandemic, coronavirus pneumonia, low-dose radiation therapy, cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome. The focus was on full-text articles given their general availability in a pandemic setting.

The review highlights one of the phenomena of mass culture - popularization of selfie. This phenomenon is a consequence of changing social relationships. The article summarizes the main reasons for the creation of selfie. The statistics of publications in the social network Instagram is presented. The concept of esthesis introduced by Michel Maffesoli is considered. In addition, the comparison of the socio-cultural phenomenon of selfie with mental disorder based on the data of the American Psychiatric Association is described. Justification of the fact that selfie is a manifestation of profound changes in the cultural code of the society is given.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the question of how the image of medicine as a socio-cultural phenomenon is perceived today. The perception of medicine is largely determined by technological breakthroughs in medical and scientific spheres that change the image and content of medical activity. However, technicism should not diminish what is eternally inherent in it - service to the cause of preserving life.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the confrontation between two trends in modern culture associated with food, food traditions, and modern gastronomic consumption practices, expressed by the images of Gastr and Ratio. This analysis is carried out within the framework of a new scientific historical, cultural and philosophical direction, called “gastrosophy”. It is noteworthy that it is precisely at the present time that the philosophical formula ““to be” means “to eat”” acquires such an obvious meaning, creating a new philosophical discourse about food and nutrition, in which they are presented as special aspects of existence and cultural phenomena. The article offers a broad interpretation of the neologism “gastrosophy” as the metaphysics of food. The author shows that the reasons for the opposition between Gastr versus Ratio are connected precisely with the dynamics of the metaphysical principles of food and nutrition.