Vol 12, No 2 (2012)

In the survey are represented the data about the influence of diabetes mellitus on the development of atherosclerosis and its complications. It is revealed the special features of the damage of the vegetative innervation of the cloths of heart and main arteries with these processes. It is shown, that with atherosclerosis complicated by diabetes in the main arteries is observed the simultaneous formation both of the classical atherosclerotic plaques and fibrous arteroisclotic plaques with calcinosis and thrombosis near the wall. It is established that in the patients with diabetes mellitus there is a special pathogenetic mechanism, which leads to strengthening of the arterial disfunction, observed with the development of atherosclerotic process. The analysis of literature showed that during the combination of these two disease are observed the primary damage of extramurals sympathetic ganglia. Are cited the data about topography and density of the distribution of synaptic terminal interlacements in different organs of cardiovascular system. The analysis of represented data attests to the fact that the progressive pattern of the flow of the atherosclerotic process against the background of diabetes mellitus bears the system character, caused by the disturbance of lipid exchange, by formation in the vessel wall of immunoinflammatory process, and it is accompanied by changes from the side of autonomous nervous system.

There were analysed results of diagnosis and treatment of 415 chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients. Indications for surgical treatment were set for 298 (71,8%) patients, non-surgical treatment - for 117 (28,2%), the patients were subdivided in accordance with the international Marseilles-Rome classification of CP (1988) into three forms: calcifying, obstructive, inflammatory. The use of modern methods in the diagnosis and treatment of CP patients allowed to modify the classification and distinguish subgroups for each form of the disease. It is established that the use of modern minimally invasive technologies in the diagnosis and treatment of CP patients expands opportunities of the delivery of medical care at high level, with the minimum of complications, with high quality of life. In the non-surgical treatment along with the use of traditional approaches it is reasonable obligatorily to take into account metabolic alterations with the purpose of their correction, first of all through restoration of adequate functioning of intestinal microbial-tissue complex. The patients with CP complications should be under surgical treatment with the use of the whole range of operational resources, with a complete substantiation of intervention type when the non-surgical therapy resources are exhausted or the ineffectiveness of non-surgical therapy because of complications development is evident. There is shown the necessity of recognition of wider clinical view of CP problem for substantiation of adequate individualized treatment policy.

The purpose of the investigation was to clear the significance of GABA, dopamine and corticoliberin (CRF) systems of the nucleus accumbens for the reinforcing effects of a number of psychotropic drugs (opiates, opioids, psychostimulants) on self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus in rats. The Wistar male rats were implanted bipolar electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus to study self-stimulation reaction in the Skinner box. Simultaneously, the microcannules were implanted into the nucleus accumbens to inject the drugs studied (1 |!g in 1 |ll in volume for each injection). Some drugs, lidocain, a blocker of sodium influx ionic currents, antagonists of GABAa receptors bicuculline, D 1 dopamine receptors SCH23390, D 2 dopamine receptors sulpiride and CRF receptors astessin, which were administered intrastructurally into the nucleus accumbens, were used for pharmacological analysis. Bicuculline > astressin > sulpiride > SCH23390 (the drugs are located in the range of descending inhibition activity), administered into the nucleus accumbens, inhibited, but lidocain, a blocker of sodium influx ionic currents, enhanced self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus. The reinforcing properties of all psychoactive drugs (amphetamine, fentanyl, sodium ethaminal and leu-enkephaline) were changed on the background of their action. After administration of sulpiride amphetamine had no effect, and after bicuculline, lidocaine and SCH23390 the amphetamine effect, clear reproducible from the lateral hypothalamus, was decreased. Ch the other hand, both bicuculline and sulpiride did not pre- vent of psychoactivating effect of opioid analgetic fentanyl. In all other cases the positive effect of fentanyl inverted into negative one (lidocain, SCH23390, astressin). The blockade of dopamine receptors (SCH23390, sulpiride) and CRF receptors (CRF) did not change sodium ethaminal effect whereas bicuculline and lidocaine declined them. None blocker instead of astressin changed the inhibitory effects of leu-enkephaline on hypothalamic self-stimulation significantly. In the latter case, astressin strengthened the negative action of leuenkephaline on self-stimulation. It is concluded that the nucleus accumbens controls the hypothalamic self-stimulation via GABA- and CRF-ergic mechanisms preferably, which are able to limit the positive effects of narcogenic drugs.

It has been found that dinitrosyl iron complex with glutathione (DNIC-GS) injected into the blood flow of rats at dose of 0,05 moles/kg prior to hemorrhage significantly improve efficiency of infusion therapy of hemorrhagic shock. The stroke volume, cardiac output and left ventricular work increased to a level exceeding control values 1,5-fold. Enhanced myocardial contractile activity leads to a situation where mean arterial pressure does not decrease further despite the significant decrease of total peripheral resistance. The decrease of total peripheral resistance under vasodilatating effects of DNIC-GS used as nitric oxide donor improves microcirculation in experimental rats judging from increased rates of blood flow and low degree of erythrocyte aggregation. Pretreatment of rats with the DNIC-GS increases survival (by 21%) under conditions of hemorrhagic shock. It is suggested that beneficial effects of complexes on circulation under conditions of hemorrhagic shock are determined by its antioxidant activity.

The amount of the HIV positive in Saint-Petersburg has reached 50 thousands in 2012. The intensive migration activity of the population may cause the emergence and spread of various genetic variants of the virus over the territory. These changes have been promoted by the Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy that involves over 6,5 thousands of people. The article gives the results of analysis of HIV subtypes and drug-resistant forms circulating among the HIV-infected residents of the city.