Vol 9, No 4 (2012)

The lecture highlights the main points of chronopharmacology and basic principles of administering chronotherapy in clinical practice of all specialties.

In a one-stage open research we defined the activity of isoenzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 of system of biotransformation of medicines in patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases, residents of Volgograd and the Volgograd region. It is established that the greatest decrease in CYP3A4 activity is associated with chronic hepatitis C virus (by 57 % from normal values), in other groups a decrease in isoenzyme activity is noted as well: in primary biliary cirrhosis (by 43,5 %), alcoholic liver disease (by 39 %) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (fatty liver) (by 33 %). In all patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases a decrease in CYP2C9 activity is noted as well. In the group of chronic hepatitis C virus (by 48 % from normal values), primary biliary cirrhosis (by 41,2 %), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (fatty liver) (by 23,4 %), alcoholic liver disease (by 20,5 %).

The article presents data on the spectrum and level of resistance of significant pathogens of inflammatory diseases of pelvic organs in women. Regimens of antimicrobial therapy of inflammatory diseases of pelvic organs in women are recommended according to the findings of local level of resistance to antibiotics of significant pathogens.

Succicard modulated the transmembrane ion current of neurons in Lymnaea stagnalis and Planorbarius corneus mollusks in a dose-dependent and reversible fashion. At concentrations of 1—10 micrometers it activated calcium and potassium currents, at 100 micrometers it increased the amplitude of calcium currents by 5—10 %, at 1000 micrometers it suppressed sodium and potassium currents by 5—12 % without affecting the potential of superficial charge of membrane and portal mechanisms of ion channels.

It was ascertained that the substance of hydrachloride of ß-phenylglutamic acid belongs to the class of low-toxic compounds. When introduced endogastricly to female mice, its LD 50 forms 4196,50(3222,49—5464,92) mg/kg (daily) and 3632.53(2786.64— 4735.20)mg/kg (two-week), when introduced endogastricly to male mice — 3837.76(2861.33—5147.41) mg/kg (daily) and 3167.02 (2500.92—4010.53) mg/kg (two-week); to female rats — 8487.25(7362.79—9783.44) mg/kg (daily) and 6976.79(6141.00—7926.33) mg/kg (two-week), to male rats — 9433.68(8379.49—10620.5) mg/kg (daily) and 7185.12(6265.10— 8240.23) mg/kg (two-week). CNS deprivation effects were noted in the intoxication pattern: sedation, muscular hypotonia, hyporeflexia without any essential effect on the respiratory rate.

Escherichia coli (77—52 %) and Staphylococcus spp. (33—27 %) were the most common isolates according to bacteriological tests of urine in women with acute pyelonephritis. Fluoroquinolones and III generation of cephalosporins were used for empirical treatment, which was often irrational.

The paper describes the specifics of lipid peroxidation and enzymatic activity in antioxidant protection in patients with chronic heart failure and autonomous diabetic cardial neuropathy.

Results of a comparative analysis of diagnostic value of some methods exploring the dry eye syndrome are presented. Subjective semiology and biomicroscopy data without additional methods of examination possess a low diagnostic value in dry eye syndrome. Fluorescein solution visualizes cornea erosion in such patients better than lissamine green, and both dyes display defects of conjunctival epithelium to the same extent. Norn's test is more informative than Shirmer's I test, especially at a slight degree of dry eye syndrome. Impression cytology allows an authentic diagnosis of dry eye syndrome as early as a slight degree.

Effects of different binaural beats on the brain activity of healthy people and quality of tests with operator's activity was examined. Binaural beats lead to a change in the level of CNS activity, reduce visual-motor reaction time, and improve the performance on noise immunity tests.

Doppler ductus venosus blood flow assessment was prospectively evaluated in 148 fetuses with Down syndrome at 11—14 weeks of gestation. The median maternal age was 32,15 years and 43,9 % of patients were 35 or older. Median gestation at screening was 12,2 weeks and the median fetal crown-rump length was 62,12 mm (45—84 mm). Abnormal ductus venosus blood flow waveforms were in 55,4 % (82/148) in fetuses with Down syndrome. The effectiveness of prenatal ultrasound screening for Down syndrome by combination of fetal nuchal translucency thickness and blood flow in ductus venosus at 11 — 14 weeks of gestation was 86,5 %.

It was revealed that expression of Bcl-2 protein family (Bcl-2, Bad) in Wistar rat liver depends on cytokines (IL-1 ß, IL-1 ß RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18, TNF-α, INF-γ) level in blood serum at persisting bacterial infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus (strain 209) during round-the-clock illumination.

Levels of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) in chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection depending on the severity of the disease were studied. An increase in production of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines with an increase in severity of CF in blood serum and in sputum of patients was demonstrated. With increasing severity of the disease a decrease in cellular immune response and humoral activation was noted. High levels of IL-1β, IL-6 in habitats may indirectly indicate the presence of bronchiectasis, which requires further investigation and, if necessary, correction of treatment.

In 40 (66,7 %) of 60 patients with chronic prostatitis, violations of the rheological properties of blood were revealed. Under the influence of intravenous laser irradiation of blood (ILIB) correction of the coagulation potential of blood takes place through the plasma and platelet homeostasis, increased activity of coagulation inhibitors and increased fibrinolytic potential of blood, as evidenced by indicators of declining intravascular coagulation processes. As a result of the course of ILIB rheological properties of blood returned to normal in 29 (48,3 %) patients.

The article highlights the issues of pharmacoepidemiology of postinfarction cardiosclerosis, problems of commitment of patients to prescribed treatment. We identified the factors that contribute to patients' compliance with medical recommendations and the causes of poor adherence of patients to prescribed therapy.

We studied the possibility of a methodological approach to biologically active substances choice, screening and in-depth study to broaden the nomenclature of medical herbs. Usage of modern information technologies allows a minimization of time expenditures and an automation of plants choice, in-depth study and development of drugs with scientifically proven therapeutic effectiveness.

A comparative analysis of the results of surgical treatment of 921 patients with diffuse peritonitis using programmed (135) and emergency relaparotomy (138), one stage laparotomy (648) was carried out. We investigated the dynamics of the course and outcome of diffuse peritonitis, depending on the degree of endogenous intoxication and indicators of MPI and analysis of the causes of mortality. Early-term programmed relaparotomy in peritonitis reduced the mortality rate from 32,6 to 25,2 % in the most severe patients.