Vol 11, No 4 (2021)

An increase in the level of anthropogenic pollution of the territory of drinking water supply sources, significant deterioration of structures and equipment in the water sector, determine the urgency of the problem of providing residents with clean drinking water and make it a priority task for the socio-economic development of the city. Tolyatti. The article examines the state of the operating elements of the drinking water supply systems and the degree of their accident rate in the Volga region on the example of G.O. Tolyatti. The results of the studies carried out with the aim of developing recommendations for improving the efficiency of the elements of water supply systems are presented. We recommend alternative options for the restoration and operation of networks and structures of drinking water supply systems in the region.

The essence of the proposed innovative method lies in the fact that the testing of a monolithic reinforced concrete beam slab of a building is carried out without destruction, according to a set of single quality indicators, while evaluating their value using statistical control. To do this, the geometric dimensions of the beam slab, the heating scheme of the design section under fire conditions, the placement of reinforcement in the section, the depth and degree of its fire protection, the rate of thermal diffusion of concrete, the value of the test load on the monolithic beam reinforced concrete slab and the stress intensity in the rods of the longitudinal working reinforcement are determined. Application of the proposed method will determine the actual fire resistance of a monolithic reinforced concrete beam floor slab without full-scale fire exposure.

The results of studies on experimental samples of the strength and deformability of reinforced concrete slabs during punching are presented. The experimental samples were fragments of the nodes of the coupling of columns and monolithic slabs of the girderless frame. The variable parameter was the shape of the column cross-section. It is established that with an increase in the ratio of the sides of the column section , an excess of the calculated strength values over the experimental values is observed. The noted trend shows that the normative calculation method does not take into account the actual nature of the distribution of forces in the plate punching area. A technique is proposed to take into account the influence of the ratio of the sides of rectangular column section and the ratio of the side of column section to the working height of plate section on the plate’s punching shear strength. The comparison of experimental and calculated values of the punching shear strength of reinforced concrete slabs, obtained according to various normative methods and according to the proposed methodology, is carried out.

The article presents the results of a thermal imaging study and thermal engineering calculation of the building enclosing structures of the monastery hotel building in the village of Vinnovka, Stavropol district, Samara region. The survey was conducted in order to determine the causes of low temperatures in the hotel premises. According to SP 50.13330.2012 “Thermal protection of buildings”, energy saving standards in construction do not apply to religious buildings. The level of thermal protection of the above buildings is determined by the provision of modern sanitary and hygienic standards. Based on computer simulation of temperature fields in the outer walls, made in the form of well masonry with the use of polystyrene concrete as insulation, it was found that the value of the reduced resistance to heat transfer they meet regulatory requirements. The actual values of the reduced resistance to heat transfer of the exterior walls, obtained by the results of thermal imaging examination, in the lower part of the exterior walls in individual rooms were significantly lower than the standard ones, which leads to increased heat loss and, as a consequence, to cooling of the indoor air. The reasons for the lowered air temperatures in the hotel premises have been established and recommendations have been developed to eliminate the above-mentioned defects.

The development of Maslennikova Driveway is considered, which became the first street in the city of Kuibyshev (Samara), built in accordance with the ideas about the image of a new socialist city. Geographically, this street was located outside the historically formed city, in the so-called “middle” zone, which made it possible to implement the idea of its architectural organization on the principles of building an architectural ensemble. The development is represented by 4-5-storey residential buildings built under one cornice and designed in the same style of the Soviet classics. It was a departmental development that belonged to two large enterprises – plant number 42 (ZiM) and 4 GPPs. The architectural and urban planning solution of the street and the projects of individual quarters and buildings were developed by the Kuibyshev Gorproekt, the Leningrad Gorstroyproekt and the Giproaviaprom branch.

In the middle of the 19th century, the Arts and Crafts movement emerged in England. The development of the movement in England, USA, Germany is described. The influence of the ideas of the novel “News from Nowhere” by William Morris on the emergence of the idea of a garden city by Ebenezer Howard and on the preservation of the historical heritage of cities is shown. Describes the influence of Peter White on the emergence of Arts and Crafts in the United States, on the formation of the Chicago School, as well as the world’s first manifestation of “modern” in the architecture of Louis Sullivan. Shows the influence of Gustav Stickley on the birth of the American folk style of a residential building and his contribution to the modernism of Irving John Gill. The features of the Arts and Crafts in Germany are described, the role of Hermann Mutesius in the evolution of the movement from rejection of industrial production to unification with it and the establishment of the German Werkbund is emphasized. The influence of Mutesius’ ideas on the German art of the 1920s is shown. A description of the aesthetic direction of the movement, which received the name “modern”, is given and examples of it in Belgium, Germany, Austria, Scotland are given. The importance of movement as the basis for the birth of modern architecture is emphasized.

The article reveals the role of “visual ensembles” in the formation of an attractive image of an architectural object during its design and renovation. The introduction of a new definition of “visual ensemble” into the design practice of a designer and an architect makes it possible to determine the degree of congestion of the urban environment with visual accents. This becomes particularly relevant in connection with the spread of industrial standard buildings in our cities, forming a negative visual field. The technique of artistic perforation fills the ethical and psychological needs of a person and forms aesthetic images of the urban environment. The authors in this article have revealed an algorithm for including adaptive pauses based on the allocation of “visual ensembles” in the form of visual accents (planes with artistic perforation) in an extended series of buildings in various locations: square, street, main street and esplanade.

This study examines the development of an optimal urban planning methodology that ensures the safety of buildings and structures in residential areas affected by hostilities in Syrian cities as part of the recovery and reconstruction process to minimize the loss of urban property and population in the event of a recurrence of such hostilities in the future. The study is based on the urban planning methodology developed by the author to assess the destruction of residential areas and is considered its continuation, which allows determining the degree of destruction of residential areas in the radius of the source of destruction by the excessive pressure of a blast wave and the explosives used. The principles of safest urban planning were determined by analyzing and comparing urban planning models and determining the optimal distance between buildings by defining the blast radius and the safest distance at which buildings can be located.

The hydrodynamic parameters of the flow of a viscous working fluid in plane-parallel and conical gaps in drives of electric power systems are investigated. A general expression is found for determining the regularity of the change in the flow rate in the gaps of non-contact seals, and special cases are considered. In the case of frictional movement of one of the walls, the Couette flow is observed in the gap. When the pressure is applied to the liquid in the gap, a parabolic velocity distribution is observed with a maximum in the middle of the channel. Under the joint action of the frictional movement of the wall and the pressure flow in the channel, stratification of fluid movement in opposite directions is observed. Frictional flow in conical slots, when the fluid moves in only one direction, is possible at a taper value of -0,5...1,0. In all other cases, the flow in the slot will have two opposite flow directions. The presence of two opposite flows inside the slot can also be for the case when the direction of movement of the movable wall coincides with the direction of the pressure flow. This is caused by an increase in pressure within the gap. A general solution has been found for the pressure force in the gaps, which tends to push the walls apart, i.e. open the sealing surfaces. The analysis of the pressure force is carried out for various cases of the slotted gap and under various effects of the frictional flow and pressure head.