No 11 (2015)

The author of the article tells about experience of the efficient work of the net «VkusVill-Izbenka» which sells perishable products. The success of the work-net is achieved due to the special features of working directly with supplying enterprises, logistics and information provision of the processes of buying, transportation and sales of goods.

Reactivation conditions were determined by selecting the following factors: temperature stress and composition of the nutritive medium. Investigation of the morphological signs showed presence of both cocci and rods like sleeping forms of cells. Ability of the sleeping forms of the milk raw materials to survive in the course of technological process was determined by the high sensitive method of luminescent microscopy. The isolated strains of the sleeping forms of cells are able to demonstrate biochemical activity in relation to proteins, fats and carbohydrates of the milk raw materials and milk products and to inhibit growth of lactobacteria and symbiotically exist with the strains E. coli and Staph. aureus. The methodology for determination of the sleeping forms of microorganisms in the microflora of canned products including milk products with extended shelf life was worked out.

Complex sanitary-microbiological study of the samples of milk products (curds, cheese, sour cream, bioice-cream) produced with application of the biotechnological (starter and probiotic) microflora was carried out. The products contained increased level of the entero-bacteria (103-104 cfu/g) presented mainly by coli-bacteria. Considerable quantity of spoiling microorganisms (yeasts and moulds) was also found. Composition of the 17 isolated strains of the Gram-negative non-spore-forming microorganisms Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Kl. oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae and E. gergoviae, Citrobacter freundii was studied. 100% of strains were sensitive to cephalosporins (cephotaxime, cetriaxone, ciprofloxiacine), nalilixic acid, amicacin, gentamicin and nitrophurantol. 56% of strains demonstrated phenotypical resistance to antibiotics of the tetracycline group - tetracycline, oxytetracycline and doxycycline. The strain E. gergoviae resistant against tetracyclines showed also resistance against ampicylline and chloramphenicol. The analysis ПЦР of the isolated tetracycline stable strains of the coli bacteria detected presence of the gene of resistance against tetracyclines tet(A) that tells about high spreading of this type of resistance among enterobacteria. The data received about frequency of detection of the antibiotics resistant strains of the bacteria of the ssp. Enterobacteriaceae can be used at net bases data about genetic profiles of the epidemiologically important strains of the microorganisms contaminating food products.

Multi-level approach to the immunoprophilaxis with the aid of fermented milk products is discussed on the bases of the systematized scientific research works of the domestic and foreign scientists who study action of probiotics from both medical and technological aspects. Having summarized their own researches related with antagonistic activity of lactic acid cultures against technically harmful pathogene and pathogene in some cases microflore the authors offered to consider antibiotic activity as production of bacteriocines and as a separate level of the multilevel approach to immunoprophylaxis.

The article tells about development of the dairy butter and cheese intended for children and preparation of the draft of the interstate standards «The dairy butter for children nutrition. TU» and «Cheese for children nutrition. TU». Necessity to work out the products is substantiated.

The article considers the main endogenous and exogenous factors that determine disintegration of neuroendocrine mechanisms of reproductive function regulation and reduce reproductive capacity of high-yielding dairy cows. The system of veterinary control of their reproductive function is outlined allowing maintain herd reproduction at optimal level. Implementation of methodological bases of preserving fertility and productive longevity of high-yielding dairy cattle depends on the qualification of zoo-veterinary specialists and use of the latest achievements of modern science and advanced practice in diagnostics, medicinal and prophylactic work.

Basic trends and efficiency of milk production in Germany have been considered, Forecast of its development after dismissing quatas for milk production in the EU is given.