Vol 18, No 2 (2018)

Among the various derivatives of fullerenes, compounds containing carboxyl groups (carboxyfullerenes) occupy a prominent place. The reason is that the introduction of carboxyl groups makes it possible to obtain water-soluble derivatives of highly lipophilic fullerenes. The review deals with matters of synthesis and structure of carboxyfullerenes, the influence of the amount and structure of the addends on the solubility of the entire compound, various aspects of the usage of these compounds as independent biologically active substances and carriers for creation of various delivery systems.

Rat vital stress causes severe behavioral disorders and changes in the lipid spectrum of blood serum. The pur pose of this study is to develop a method of preconditioning to reduce post-stress disorders. The essence of this method consists in listening by an animal to an electrocorticogram of a congener recorded during the experience of vital stress and converted into sounds of the musical range. Sessions of bioacoustic exposure significantly reduce gross behavioral disorders and prevent changes in the lipid spectrum with subsequent vital stress.

Objective of the research: to characterize the effectiveness of obtaining reassortant strains for live influenza vaccine based on pandemic and potentially pandemic influenza viruses which are new for humans. Materials and methods of the research: influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09, potentially pandemic A(H3N2)v and A(H5N1) influenza viruses, a master donor virus for the Russian live influenza vaccine. Virological and molecular genetics methods of research. Results: strains with a 6:2 genome composition for live influenza reassortant vaccine based on the pandemic '(H1N1)pdm09 virus and swine influenza A(H3N2)v virus have been successfully obtained. The reassortment of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses A(H5N1) and human A(H2N2) master donor virus for live attenuated influenza vaccine is complicated by the features of the constellation of their genes. H5N2 reassortants which inherited only HA gene from HPAI viruses of avian influenza were obtained. Despite the impossibility of development of 6:2 reassortants, the phenotypic, preclinical characteristics of the reassortants with the 7:1 genome composition, and their further clinical studies on volunteers have shown that such vaccine strains can be successfully used to prevent diseases caused by avian influenza viruses. Conclusion. When vaccine strains against potentially pandemic influenza viruses are obtained by the classical reassortment technique then the success depends on the mutual constellation of genes of phylogenetically distant far apart parental viruses. In some cases the inheritance by the reassortant of a single HA gene from the antigenic actual virus can be a compromise for LAIV development.

Aim of the study. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been reported to participate in many pathological processes, which points at NET concentration in blood as an important indicator of the body condition. When studying NETs, their blood concentration is usually evaluated indirectly, which has a number of shortcomings. We aimed to measure directly the amount of NETs as integral structures, using blood smears as a most suitable tool for clinical practice, and to carry out measurements of NET levels in blood of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with necrotic suppurative complications to elucidate the usefulness of this assay. Materials and methods of the research. NETs were quantified by counting in standardized blood smears stained with Romanovsky dyes. Results. The mean level of circulating NETs in the blood of patients was higher than that in healthy subjects. Blood NET concentration in healthy persons and patients with high levels of NETs increased as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration increased in the blood. In other patients, NET concentration decreased as HbAlc increased. Elevated NET levels and a direct correlation between NETs and HbAlc were observed in patients with phlegmon, large-area infected wound, lower leg gangrene, suppurative mediastinitis. In other patients, the prevailing lesions were infected wounds, abscesses, finger gangrene. Conclusion. This pilot study demonstrated the usefulness of measurement (using blood smear) of circulating NET concentration in the blood as a clinical parameter that would help to estimate patient’s condition, to predict the duration of post-surgical wound healing and the probability of complications in the form of thrombosis in T2DM.

Aim of the research. Study of clinical efficacy of treatment of wet form of age-related macular degeneration by using the method of introduction of the inhibitor of angiogenesis into the back s ubtenon s pace on the viscous media. Material and methods of the study. The first group (main group) included 41 patients (43 eyes) with wet form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). All patients in this group were injected in the back subtenon space 7.5-12.5 mg of an angiogenesis inhibitor on a viscous medium (1.0 ml of 2% solution of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose). The second group (control group) consisted of 30 patients (30 eyes) with wet form of AMD, for this group a retrospective analysis of dynamics of morpho-functional indices after intravitreal injections of angiogenesis inhibitors according to standard methods (1.25 mg) was carried out. The observance time period amounted to 12 months. Results. When comparing the effectiveness of treatment, the mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved significantly in both groups after treatment. Also, according to data of the optical coherence tomography (OCT), the mean central retinal thickness (CRT), the extent, height of pathological changes, the area of the pathological focus and the relative volume of the pathological focus were significantly reduced as a result of treatment. No significant differences were found between the groups (all p>0.05). In accordance with results of the evaluation, the effect duration at subtenon method of administrations amounted to 2-2.5 months, at intravitreal method it amounted to 1-1.5 months. The number of administrations in the 12 months of observation in the main group amounted to 2.8 injections per patient on average, and in the control group it amounted to 4.2 injections. Conclusion: Subtenon injections of the inhibitor of angiogenesis into the back subtenon space gives the positive effect in the treatment of wet form of age-related macular degeneration, and its application on viscous medium has a prolonged effect.