Vol 50, No 1 (2001)

Etiology of pre-eclampsiaremainsunclear. However, it is recognized that genetic factors of both mother’s and father’s sides can determine the development of this awesome complication of pregnancy. The interplay of genetic factors with external influences determines the risk level of pre-eclampsia. Today it is reasonable to assert that pre-eclampsia is a complication of pregnancy associated with the disturbances of the process of trophoblast invasion and changes in haemodynamics in spiral arteries. The process of trophoblast invasion proved to be coordinated by combined interaction of cytokines, factors of adhesion and different growth factors.
Functional abnormalities of endothelium of placental and pre-placental vessels may be a result but not a cause of development ofpre-eclampsia, pathophysiology of which is studied still insufficiently. However, the disturbance оf NO, endothelein release and thrombocytes homeostasis as well are certain to be the main manifestations of this pregnancy complication. A fter revealing all the mechanisms of process of trophoblast invasion disturbances an actual possibility of early prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia may be elaborated.

The special research of clinicalproperties of Betadin EGIS showed its efficiency in 85% cases. The analysis of the data made it possible to conclude that for today Betadin EGIS is a preferable preparation in treating vulvo-vaginitis and other pathological states andprocesses in externalfemale genital organs. The main advantage of the preparation is its wide spectrum of action. It enables to begin adequate and effective therapy in due time without waiting for the results offinal bacteriological diagnostics. The research showed that Betadin EGIS has high tolerance, if necessary it can be used in combination with others antibacteriological drugs.

To study the possibilities of laparoscopy in diagnosis of malignant ovarian tumors 635 patients at different stages of the disease were examined. High informing characteristics make it possible to recommend laparoscopy as a method of improved diagnostics of tumors in smallpelvic with the aim of early revealingof malignant tumors, morphologic verification and evaluation of tumor extensiveness, diagnosis of preclinical recurrent tumors in case of diverse results of non-invasive monitoring methods.

On January 18, 1886, a preparatory meeting headed by professors A.Ya. Krassovsky and K.F. Slavyansky on the organization of the first society of obstetricians and gynecologists a kind of Scientific Center in Russia.

October 31 - November 1, 2000 in Izhevsk the Plenum of the Interdepartmental Scientific Council on Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences M3 of the Russian Federation was held. Despite the allocation of two different specialties in clinical medicine - gynecology and gynecological oncology, the problems of risk and early diagnosis of gynecological cancer occupy a prominent place in the activities of an obstetrician-gynecologist. Diseases of the breast are of no less importance for clinical practice. The topic of this Plenum is a logical continuation of previous discussions on topical issues of modern gynecology - "Ways of development of modern gynecology" and "Ovarian tumors", held within the framework of the Ministry of Taxes and Communications.

In the article the problems of epidemiology, prophylaxis and detection of early stages of malignant tumors of reproductive system and mammae in gynecological practice in close contact with oncologists are discussed.

Radical surgical treatment with and without radiation often induces symptoms of premature menopause in cervical cancer (CC) patients. Few retrospective studies seem to suggest that hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) is not detrimental for patients with CC and can improve life quality in this group of women. To investigate the effect of HRT on menopausal symptoms inpatients with С C history, 85 patients after CC treatment, 22-51 years old, were included into this research. In 59 patients HRT was carried out to overcomepostovariectomic syndrome (POES). Severity of menopausal symptoms, serum estradiol, FSH and lipid profiles were evaluated. The research showed high therapeutic effect as to reducing the frequency of postovariectomic frustration in HRT application. No recurrences of CC were observed in this group of patients. HRT side effects were extremely rare. HRT can effectively cure climacteric symptoms in women with surgical menopause induced by CC treatment.

The article discusses the incidence rates of cancer of the reproductive system organs (mammary gland, endometrium, ovaries, cervix) in Moscow in 1999, analyzes the trend of these indicators over the past 10 years, substantiates the need to revise the principles of the primary care of the obstetric and gynecological service (female consultations), a model of a gynecological diagnostic center is proposed

In presence of autoserum, production of IL1b, IL2, IL4, IL6 and TNFa by peripheral blood lymphocytes of 30 patients with epithelial tumors of ovaries and 50 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer of I-IV stages was investigated. The data received enable to ascertain the increase of mononuclear activity during ovarian tumor progression, increase of T-helpers of the second type activity, along with the reduction of T-helpers of the first type activity in peripheral blood of patients, and abnormalities of IL6-dependent mechanism of control of ILIb and TNFa production by peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with ovarian cancer.

The article is devoted to the search for new solutions in the field of treatment of malignant ovarian tumors and, in particular, new approaches for overcoming immune resistance in a complex method of therapy. The experience of treating this pathology with an original method of postoperative immunotherapy using autologous immunomodulators, which, due to its simplicity and relatively low cost, should be widely used in gynecological oncology, is considered.

Risk factors for the occurrence of benign diseases and breast cancer were studied in a comparative analysis of the survey data of 321 women who were operated on the mammary gland, had an established histological diagnosis and were registered in the oncology offices of the Kursk polyclinics (main group), and 150 women who did not have any clinical , no objective manifestations of breast pathology (comparison group). To study the frequency of dyshormonal hyperplasias of the mammary glands and risk factors in girls, an in-depth preventive examination of 390 schoolgirls aged 13-17 years was carried out.

The data of populational and hospital cancer registers, cytological and immunological laboratories of Saint-Petersburg are examined. More than 350 new invasive cervical cancer cases are registered annually. Since 1970 up to 1991 oncological morbidity decreased from 14,7 to 8,1 per 100000 women, but then we witness steady rise of standardized indeces up to 9,9 in 1999. Increasingrate of so called “neglectedforms” of cervical cancer (III-IV stages), especially amongyoung women, is a disturbing fact. The issues of prophylaxis and early diagnostics of cervical cancer are discussed in the article. The results of cytological and virological examination of women of different contingents are drawn.

Roman Romanovich Makarov was born on June 12, 1901 in the village of Vitino in the Peterhof district of the Petersburg province, into a large peasant family, in which there were 9 other children besides him.