Vol 13, No 3 (2016)

The article reviews research carried out in human anatomy, histology embryology pathological anatomy and focused on the features of cardiovascular, lymphatic and nervous systems in the last decade. It substantiates the new topics of scientific research in morphological sciences: variant anatomy and somatotypological features, integrative anthropology, ecological morphology and morphology exposed to destabilizing effects.

The study set out to examine the structural changes in the dorsal hippocampus and features of serine racemase expression in 12- and 24-month-old rats. In 24-month-old rats pronounced changes in pyramidal neurons of CA3 in the dorsal hippocampus were revealed. They were associated with reduced serine racemase expression in dendrites of st. radialis CA1 and CA3.

The mechanical characteristics of the feet of 175 healthy (without any pathology of musculoskeletal system) young men and 315 young women of the Volgograd state medical university at the age from 17 to 21 years old were observed. The research purpose was to acquire data about the resilient characteristics of the foot under the natural conditions in young persons of both sexes. The examination of the morphofunctional condition of the foot was carried out by means of the computerized plantography, involving the systemic analysis and graphical analytical interpretation of the digital image of the foot. Scanning of the plantar surface of the foot was carried out consistently under compressive loads on each foot which were equal to 50 % and 80 % of the person's body weight. The height of the longitudinal arch of the foot was measured concurrently Resilience coefficient, deformation coefficient, Young's module and Poisson's coefficient were calculated in both groups. The conducted research revealed that the highest deformation coefficient in the persons of both sexes was found along the vertical axis of the foot. The lowest deformation coefficient was revealed along the sagittal axis of the foot. The persons of both sexes had the greatest Poisson's coefficient along the frontal axis of the foot. Poisson's coefficient of the women foot in this axis was higher in comparison with young men. Tensile modulus or Young's modulus of the young men was greater than that of young women. The obtained data of the elasticity of the human foot make it possible to characterize its amortisation function in normal condition and the extent of its loss in various foot deformations. The proposed computerized diagnostic module and the computerized detection of morphofunctional parameters make it possible to carry out an assessment of the human foot elasticity.

A total of 381 girls aged 16-20 years and 354 boys aged 17-21 years were evaluated. There is a tendency towards an increase in all the anthropometric parameters with a deterioration in general health in both females and males.

This article describes a case of an infant's violent death.

We performed an analysis of the prevalence and structure of the skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases in Astrakhan city and the Astrakhan region in 2014. In the structure of diseases allergodermatoses (simple contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, eczema), psoriasis, infectious and parasitic diseases, pyoderma prevailed.

The article is devoted to the study of microcirculatory disorders in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The findings make it possible to use non-invasive laser Doppler flowmetry for early diagnosis of microvascular complications.

In experiments on pregnant female rats, we found that the agent VMA 99-82 had no damaging effect on embryo-, organo-and fetogenesis when it was administered intragastrically in doses of 10 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg. We also observed the positive influence of the agent VMA 99-82 on the general condition of pregnant female rats and on the quality of antenatal development of their fetuses.

The study explores background information on the dynamics of morphological and functional parameters of physical fitness in the first-year students. We identified the main differences in morphological and functional parameters of physical fitness in different groups of students undertaking various training sessions.

Although a lot of methods for diagnosing and treating diseases of the oral mucosa are currently available, one of the most challenging aspects of dentistry is the choice of the most appropriate treatment. There has been a growing interest in the use of laser Doppler flowmetry as a diagnostic means of oral microcirculation disorders. The mainstay of the therapy of inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa is a local treatment. The other aspect of treatment involves elimination of the causative agents of the disease. In this relation noninvasive methods hold great potential for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa. We compared microcirculation before treatment and after 14 days of treatment in patients with lichen planus. All the patients were divided into two groups based on the type of treatment that they received. The first group received conventional therapy; the second group received conventional therapy plus platelet-derived autoplasma. Data analysis showed that laser Doppler flowmetry is useful in evaluating microcirculatory changes in patients with oral erosive and ulcerative lesions. Combination of laser Doppler flowmetry and clinical investigations contribute to a better understanding of how much tissue is affected. Autohemotherapy was shown to improve the oral microcirculation in the short-term.

В статье представлены результаты лечения у детей 29 постоянных зубов, имеющих кариозные полости и деминерализацию эмали. Применение технологии инфильтрации кариеса до препарирования и пломбирования кариозных полостей позволяет при минимальном вмешательстве максимально сохранять твердые ткани зубов у детей.

We investigated hypoglycemic effects of ZB-16 (0,1 and 1 mg/kg, per os), a novel GPR119 receptor agonist, in rats with developing diabetes. Diabetes was induced by repeated subdiabetogenic doses (30 mg/kg/day) (i. p.) of streptozotocin. In animals with developing diabetes, ZB-16 (1 mg/kg) and sitagliptin significantly reduced the severity of hyperglycemia and improved the impaired glucose tolerance on 14 and 21 days. The therapeutic effects of GPR119 receptor agonist were comparable to those of the DPP-4 inhibitor.

We evaluated the factors which can improve the diagnosis and treatment of peptic ulcer in an epidemiological study which was performed in the Volgograd region.

The article reports the results of a social survey which evaluated the adherence of psychiatric patients to the treatment. We identified certain factors that can positively or negatively influence the patients' adherence to psychiatric treatment. We conclude that treatment adherence is necessary for the effective provision of mental health care, maintenance and restoration of mental health.

We performed a retrospective review of 1386 patients of different age groups who had been examined and treated surgically for thyroid disease for the last 6 years. We analyzed the morphology of the diagnostic and treatment stages as well as the challenges of preoperative clinical, topical and cytological differential diagnosis of nodular goiter, follicular adenoma and thyroid cancer. Postmortem investigation showed that elderly patients were 5 times more likely to develop thyroid cancer than younger patients.