Vol XXXII, No 1-2 (2000)

Computed or magnetic resonance tomography was performed in 94 patients with transient ischemic attacks. А focal lesion corresponding to the clinical symptoms was observed in 29. Topography of the lesions as well as risk factors, pathogenetic and clinical features in these patients were analyzed and compared with а group of TIA without focal ischemic lesions. Minor differences in risk factors and pathogenesis were found. Neurological symptoms in patients with TIA and ischemic lesions tended to bе more prolonged, repeated and stereotyped

Peculiarities of night dreams of 78 children and adolescents (aged 10-17) with different variants of neurotic conditions and of 25 healthy ones of the same age were studied. Dreams at neurotic disorders differ as compared with ones of the healthy persons by affective and cognitive activation, timely and space "easiness", some imperative tendencies ("channelling" of colour perception, repeated dreams). Study of dreams adds significantly to а clinical characteristic of neurotic conditions, opens supplementary perspectives for investigation regularity of their pathogenesis.

А spectral analysis of cardiac rhythm variability has taken place among patients with migraine. The purpose of that analysis was to determine the role of cerebral and peripheric regulation changes in the paroxysm pathogenesis at different phases of migrain attack: before it, during it and after it. It was established, that in pre-attack period activation of ergotropic mechanisms takes place with further generalized sympathico-parasympathic activation at the moment of migraine attack. Post-attack period is characterized by activity normalization ·or segmentary sympathic vasomotor and vagal mechanisms, high level of ergotropic systems activity being maintained.

129 alcoholic wоmen were observed from families witl1 alcoholic addiction. Study of social and psychologic factors, ensuring formation of paired, coupled alcoholism showed the importance of choosing а marital partner. Some main reasons of choosing by а women а partner with alcoholic habits were given: 1) more frequent alcohol consumption, less resistance to alcohol; 2) their belonginess to alcoholic environment; 3) as а result of formed stereotype of marital behavior; 4) in accordance with similar character features. These peculiarities are to be taken into consideration in accomplishing medical and psychologic activities for early diagnostics of alcoholic couples.

With the purpose of making diagnostics of the middle scalene syndrome more differentiated, neuromyographic evalution of neuromuscular complex (nervus thoracicus longus ... musculus serratus anterior) has been performed. In 33 patients with the middle scalene syndrome and in 11 healthy people а method of stimulation electroneuromyography has been developed. Examples from clinical cases are given. When examining 8 formalinized specimens peculiarities of topography of nervus thoracicus longus have been revealed.

Since the 90s, mutations in genes encoding ion channel proteins have been described. These mutations are responsible for the development of a number of neurological diseases called canalopathies (CP) [30, 36]. It is of interest to study the clinical features of hereditary neurological diseases, the pathogenesis of which are genetic defects in ion channels, from a single angle of view, as well as an attempt to analyze the probable physiological processes underlying these diseases. This approach may be important for a new systematization of these diseases, usually belonging to different groups, and for the development of a modern strategy for their therapy.

Lesions of the peripheral nervous system are, probably, one of the first places in terms of prevalence among human diseases, accompanied by temporary and permanent disability [2, 18]. In the structure of diseases of the peripheral nervous system, various forms of secondary muscular disorders are obligatory and often leading, which, causing locomotor disorders, lead to significant disability of patients. Deprived of full neurotrophic control, muscle undergoes atrophic and degenerative changes that significantly reduce the chances of restoration of its functional properties even with good reinnervation, carried out naturally or through neurosurgical reconstruction [7, 16, 25, 30]. In this regard, the development and in-depth study of such methods of therapy that would slow down denervation changes in the muscle are of great importance. Undoubtedly, one of the most effective methods in this regard is therapeutic electrical stimulation of the neuromuscular apparatus [4, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21].

1999 marked the 160th anniversary of the birth of the famous Russian neuropathologist Dmitry Petrovich Skolozubov, the first professor, head of the department and director of the clinic of nervous diseases of the medical faculty of the Kazan Imperial University.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic progressive disease of the nervous system, proceeding with exacerbations and remissions, or steadily progressively, with multiple lesions in the central and peripheral nervous system.

Currently, many studies are devoted to the cellular and molecular processes occurring during the death of neurons due to hypoxia - ischemia of the brain tissue.

It is customary to read that migraine with aura (associated) and without it (simple) is a multifactorial disease, in the development of which a combination of genetic factors in combination with the influence of the external environment plays a role.

A retrospective study of 90 patients with episodic dizziness occurring during a migraine attack was carried out.