Vol 19, No 1 (2022)

A review of the literature on the methods of biometric diagnostics was conducted. The aim of the work was to analyze the classical and modern methods of odonometrics and biometrics of dental arches. The analysis of domestic and foreign literature showed the feasibility of conducting additional research, using modern ideas about the options for the shape and size of dental arches. The analysis is devoted not only to the clarification of data on the individual norm, but also to diagnose various forms of anomalies and deformations of dental arches in different directions. This review will help researchers determine the best methods of biometrics in the study of certain types of dental arches. In addition, clinicians can choose biometric methods for predicting dental arches, which must be guided in the treatment of patients, choose the design of orthodontic devices and dentures, taking into account the requirements of individual medicine.

The article includes a review of scientific literature sources over the past 10 years on the topic: Somatotypological features of the craniofacial complex and oral biocenosis in adolescents. The significant variability of the available individual parameters of the parameters of the cerebral and facial parts of the skull in different ethnic groups are qualified by the authors as convincing prerequisites for the need to develop this problem.

The aim of the work was to determine the relationship between indicators of psychophysical maladjustment, individual functional status and consumption of psychoactive substances among students. The study involved 137 students of state universities in Arkhangelsk. Identification of the experience of using psychoactive substances was carried out using questionnaire and blank methods of retrospective self-assessment of the study participants. Determination of psychophysical maladaptation was carried out on the basis of a combination of psychological and psychosomatic symptoms of stress reactions and anxiety-depressive disorders. Stress resistance was assessed by analyzing the level of general nonspecific reactivity of the organism. The psychological status was determined by a combination of indicators of accentuations and personality traits that characterize the temperament and character of the individual. It was revealed that the regular use of alcohol (2 times a week or more) among students, in the overwhelming majority of cases, is associated with psychophysical maladjustment against the background of low human stress resistance. The level of smoking and samples of narcotic substances among students are positively, linearly related to the frequency of alcohol consumption. The psychological conditionality of the formation of anxiety-depressive and acute stress disorders simultaneously provokes the demand for psychoactive substances. A comprehensive assessment of the functional and psychological indicators of predisposition to psychophysical maladjustment can provide a prediction of the risk of chemical addiction formation among students.

The purpose: to determine the place of progressive spectacles correction in an integrated approach for the treatment of early stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in hyperopic patients. Material and methods: 30 patients (60 eyes) aged 42-75 y.o., average age (58,8 ± 6,5) years, with early stages of AMD and hyperopia were under observation. The observation group was represented by 20 patients (40 eyes). After AMD revealing they applied progressive spectacles correction of «universal» type and received orally dietary supplement Retinorm® 3 capsules one time per day. The comparison group consisted of 10 patients (20 eyes). They received the same oral dietary supplement and used the previous monofocal correction. Methods of examination of patients included: checking of visual acuity with correction, refractometry, tonometry, computer static perimetry, ophthalmobiomicroscopy with Goldmann lens, optical coherence tomography of the central fundus area with measurement of retinal thickness in the fovea zone and choroid in manual mode. The duration of observation in both groups was 4 months. Results. The thickness of the retina in the fovea zone after the use of correction and prescribed treatment did not change either in the observation group (p > 0,1) or in the comparison group (p > 0,1). The thickness of the choroid after the prescribed therapeutic measures significantly increased in the observation group (p < 0,05) and remained without changes in the comparison group (p > 0,1). An increase of visual acuity was established, as well as a decrease in the number of relative scotomas in the central part of the visual field both in the observation group (p < 0,02) and in the comparison group (p < 0,05). Conclusion. The use of «universal» type of progressive spectacles correction in combination with taking dietary supplement Retinorm® increases the effectiveness of treatment of early stages of AMD in hyperopic patients due to both the activation of choroidal blood circulation, and the improvement of metabolic processes in the choroid and retina.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of surgical treatment of ankyloglossia in children using a diode laser. The patients were divided into three age groups. The immediate and long-term results of treatment were evaluated. The postoperative period was favorable in 98,5 % of cases. After 6-9 months, very good and good treatment results were most common in the first age group (96,4 %). Improvement or normalization of sound pronunciation was noted in 86,7 % of all operated children.

The study of the processes of reparative osteogenesis in the area of postoperative defects of the jaws was carried out. It is shown that osteogenesis is most active in the wall mounted region of the defect. The high efficiency of the osteoplastic material Bio Ost (local origin) in the surgical treatment of the peri-apical cysts of the jaws was indicated.

The purpose of the work was to study the effect of high-intensity laser exposure in the therapeutic mode on the morphofunctional state of rat thymus. Material and methods. The experiment was carried out on 54 rats, divided into 2 groups: control (intact animals) and experimental - a single exposure of laser radiation on the thymus region (970 nm, 1 W/cm2 IRE-Polus, Russia). Extraction from the experiment and material sampling were carry out after 1 hour, 1, 3, 7 day after exposure. Histological sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin were study using digital morphometry. Results. A single laser exposure on the thymus led to a change in the relative area of the functional zones of the thymus and their cell density, as well as an increase in the number of Gassal's bodies in the thymic slices and an increase in the relative area of the vascular channel.

The work is devoted to assessing the effect of stress on the rhythm variability in hypertension. It is shown that in hypertensive disease, when compared with healthy people, the total power of the spectrum, the power of high-frequency waves, decreases, which reflects a violation of the adaptive capabilities of the cardiovascular system. An increase in the power of very low frequency waves, the centralization index, which reflects the activity of the central ergotropic and humoral-metabolic mechanisms.

The article describes a clinical example of iron deficiency anemia in an adult patient, taken from the outpatient practice of a hematologist. The given clinical case reflects not only the diversity of the course of the disease, but also the difficulties in interpreting the results of the study.

Clinical signs of systemic connective tissue dysplasia in children with acute and recurrent torticollis were studied. 225 clinical cases were analyzed. The predominance of joint hypermobility and asthenic physique in the group of children with recurrent torticollis was revealed and proved by the medical statistics methods. In this group, such skeletal clinical forms as flat-valgus deformity of the feet, kyphosis, scoliosis were observed.

The processes of mesenchymal-epithelial and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions are associated with embryonic development, tissue differentiation and regeneration. We have analyzed liver tissue in rats from day 10 of embryonic development to adults to prove mesenichymal-epithelial and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in liver morphogenesis. The immunohisto-chemical study showed that during the liver developmet expression of the epithelial marker (cytokeratin 18) increases, while the expression of the mesenchymal marker (vimentin) decreases, with the exception of the period from 1 to 17 days after birth, when the amount of vimentin increases. Revealed immunohistochemical evidencesof epithelial-mesenchymal and mesenchymalepithelial transitions at the stages of hepatogenesis.

The work presents the results of study the cytotoxic activity of new azoloazine derivatives to establish the potential its possibility of use as antitumor agents, including for chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer. The relevance of the work is due to the wide spread of oncological diseases and high cancer mortality, which dictates the need to constantly obtain cell lines and improve cultivation protocols for testing new antitumor drugs and obtaining new information about the chemistry of cancer. The culturing MCF-7 cells and determining cytotoxicity in a methyltetrazolium test are base methods used in this study. Comparative cytotoxicity was carried out by determining the concentration causing 50 % cell death for 11 azolotriazine derivatives taken at concentrations from 0.25 to 10.0 pM/L. Epirubicin, widely used in breast cancer chemotherapy, we used as a comparison drug. As a result, it was found that not all substances have toxic properties, despite the similar chemical structure and mechanism of action on the cell. The least toxic substances 10 and 11, in which, at the maximum studied concentration of 10 |uM/L, cell survival was 86 and 75 %, respectively. The most toxic compounds against MCF-7 cells are substances 4 and 9 derivatives of with cytotoxicity indicators higher, respectively, by 11.0 and 3.1 highly compared to Epirubicin. The obtained data can be used as a basis for the selection of substances 4 and 9 for further study of their properties on cell models and laboratory animals as substances with potential anticancer activity.

The aim of the study was to study the effect of GABA derivatives on the functional activity of intact and oxidative stress-damaged mitochondria. Isolated mitochondria were obtained by differential centrifugation. Oxidative damage was simulated by incubation with tert-Butylhydroperoxide (200 nmol/ml, 10 min). The studied substances (baclofen, mefebut, neuroglutam, RGPU-238 compound, salifen, tolibut, phenibut, phenotropil) were added to intact and damaged mitochondria (1*10-5 M per 100 μl, 10 min of incubation), the functional state of mitochondria was studied using a polarographic method. It was revealed that salifen and phenotropil had a pronounced protective effect on the respiratory complexes of the electron transport chain.

The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of laser irradiation and branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) on the restructuring of the vascular component of m. biceps femoris during systematic swimming training. Material and methods. The experiment was conducted on 25 rats divided into 5 groups: 1) intact control, 2) dynamic control, 3) training with amino acid intake, 4) training with infrared laser exposure, 5) training with laser exposure and amino acid intake. Tissue samples of the biceps femoral muscle were fixed with formalin with further use of classical histological wiring. Morphometric analysis of the digital image of objects was carried out. Results. Exposure of infrared laser radiation, as well as the use of amino acids, contributes to a reliable increase in the area of the vascular bed relative to the area of connective tissue. When the studied factors were combined, statistically significant differences were found with isolated laser or amino acid exposure groups. Conclusions. The intake of amino acids and the use of laser radiation stimulates the increase of vascular bed area during the training cycle

The search for drugs that can prevent the development of acute renal injury (ARI) is one of the main tasks of modern pharmacology. Methods.The experiment was carried out in 50 white Wistar male laboratory rats weighing 280-320 g. The animals were injected with a peptide mimicking the spatial structure of the B erythropoietin chain (pHBSP) and infliximab. Results.The combined use of a peptide mimicking the spatial structure of the B erythropoietin chain (pHBSP) and infliximab before renal ischemia-reperfusion injury is more effective than the nephroprotective properties of the above substances when it is selectively used. Conclusion. According to the results of the study, we can talk about the prospects of the combined use of the peptide mimicking the spatial structure of the B erythropoietin chain (pHBSP) and infliximab in order to correct renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Infectious complications after cesarean section are still the focus of attention in obstetric practice. This is due to the fact that endometritis and wound infection after abdominal delivery develop 6-10 times more often than after natural childbirth [1, 2]. At the same time, traditional methods of treatment and prevention of postoperative infectious complications do not give a positive effect, which necessitates the use of alternative options.