卷 1, 编号 1 (2019)
- 年: 2019
- 文章: 17
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/2658-4654/issue/view/7759
Articles
WORLDVIEW OF MODERN INTERPRETATION OF HISTORY: SENSE OF HISTORY AND SENSE IN HISTORY
摘要
Man knows the objective world. People in the world have different worldviews and different explanations of the world in the present, past and future. The world is interpreted by an individual person for the purpose of his worldview. One for all the objective past is interpreted not by one universal (objective) mind, but by subjective - human mind in the worldview theories, methodologies, which are the subjective scientific creation of man. Recognition of the existence of different worldviews in people leads to the recognition of equality of ideological explanations of the past and tolerant attitude to these explanations.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(1):9-11
9-11
IDEALISTIC VIEW ON HISTORY
摘要
The subject of the article is an idealistic approach to history, that is, the theory and methodology of building the image of the past as part of a general worldview of the world. From an idealistic position, history appears as a science, not so much studying the past, as creating it. Scientific history is considered as one of the ways to create the past. Its dominance in today's historical discourse is explained, its connection with memory, theory and facts is revealed. The main factor of historical development, according to the author, are the ideas that are created by human consciousness. The idea created by a particular individual, breaking away from it and becoming the possession of other people, acquires the power of an objective idea directing historical actions. Creating the past, the historian tries to restore the previous states of reality. The historian has only an indirect connection with the events of the past, and this connection passes through one or several witnesses' minds, therefore it is ideal. The theory is a system of ideas that explains the objective real and subjective ideal world and creates their images. The largest theoretical system is the human worldview. The theory of history is the historian's view of the past. These are the main ideas that determine the way of perception of historical material, its processing and interpretation, the creation of an image of the past. In conclusion, the advantages and disadvantages of an idealistic approach to history are analyzed.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(1):12-20
12-20
THE EXISTING CONCEPTS OF HISTORICAL SCIENCE
摘要
The article analyzes methodological research and new approaches that have appeared in post-Soviet historical science. The author comes to the conclusion that history has always been characterized by the action of numerous factors, a set of cause-and-effect relationships and dependencies. What makes up the fabric of history is the result of the interaction of factors, and this interaction manifested in events and processes is diverse, as well as a measure of the importance of each of them in any particular situation. In the history of such a factor, which would be the only and ultimate basis for its development, does not exist. History is a product of the interaction of factors, in which cause and effect change places: the consequence has the opposite effect on the cause and in turn becomes the cause of something new. Therefore, not monocausal, but multifactorial approach to history is the only rational way.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(1):21-30
21-30
MARXISM IN THE MODERN SYSTEM OF CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF HISTORY
摘要
The paper analyses influence of the Marxist methodology on historical researches. The paper shows that during existence of the “state of workers and peasants” in Russia the formation theory prevailed in Soviet historiography and had an unshakable priority in explaining mechanisms of development of the historical process. After collapse of the“communist empire”, Marxism lost its monopoly on the truth, unable to withstand primarilypolitical and ideological attacks. However, the author of paper concludes that due to its scientific validity, ability for creative development and propensity to dialogue with other concepts, Marxism remained in the methodological field of understanding of history, being in the first row of the dominant macro-theories.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(1):31-35
31-35
DEMOCRATIZATION OF REGIONAL POWER STRUCTURES IN THE URALS IN 1920
摘要
The article deals with the problems of formation of Councils in the Urals in the 1920s. on the basis of a significant range of sources, including archival documents, analyzes the features of the functioning of local authorities and the issues of their democratization.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(1):36-39
36-39
MODERN HISTORY: THE IDEA OF PATRIOTISM IN A HISTORY TEXTBOOK FOR HIGH SCHOOL
摘要
The article deals with various concepts of a single textbook. The authors come to the conclusion that a single concept capable of reconciling historians of different ideological directions - liberal, conservative, nationalist, religious and socialist-is the concept of patriotism. Patriotism assumes pride in the achievements and culture Patriotism presupposes pride in the achievements and culture of the Motherland, the desire to preserve its character and cultural characteristics and identify with other members of the people, the desire to protect the interests of the Motherland and its people. The concept of patriotism is broader than the concept of “ideology”. It is not necessary that ideology be directed against someone. People can be United and quite humanistic ideas of national scale, such as the idea of prosperity of the country, the idea of combating poverty, the idea of preserving the population, etc. A patriot can be a liberal (there are no greater patriots than Americans), can be a conservative, can be a religious fundamentalist - love for the Motherland unites all.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(1):40-47
40-47
THE CONCEPTUAL IMAGES OF LATE SOVIET HISTORY
摘要
In paper on the basis of the principles of preconceptualist and tolerance to explicate the conceptual representation of the images in relation to the late Soviet history (1945-1991). The reference to conceptual constructions and mythological constructions allows to reveal three integral conceptual images of the recent past: «optimistic», «pessimistic», «pragmatic».
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(1):48-52
48-52
LATE IMPERIAL MODERNIZATION OF RUSSIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF XIX CENTURY: CONCEPTUAL-HISTORIOGRAPHIC ASPECT
摘要
The paperdiscusses main theoretical and methodological views as well as conceptual and historiographical approaches of modern authors who analysed modernization transformations that took place in the Russian Empire during the “Great reforms” of the 1860s-70s. The paper concludes that despite all diversity in views and disputable understanding of the reforms of Alexander II in important public spheres positive characteristics that demonstrate importance of the reforms forprogressive development of Russian society dominate in historiography.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(1):53-57
53-57
CENTURY OF THE RUSSIAN PROJECT “ANTI-EUROPE”
摘要
The study of European“Russophobia”is the subject of numerous russian and foreign researchers. A small attention is drawn to the other side of the coin - “eurofobia” in contemporary Russia. The article examines the origins and historical roots of “Europhobia” in Russia, which was an important part of Russian foreign policy after the 1917 revolution. The article assesses the historical, political, civilizational, value foundations of “eurofobia”, the use by political regimes of the concept of “besieged fortress”.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(1):58-67
58-67
ETHNOADAPTATION CONTEXT OF INTERACTION OF THE HUMAN WITH THE ENVIRONMENT
摘要
The purpose of the paper consists in the analysis of ethnic adaptation as historical phenomenon. As such, the interaction of peoples with the natural and social environment is considered.This intention is determined by the urgency of the problem related to the fact that peoples, being physical reality by their genesis, are socially structured in the modern world in more than 250 independent states and in about 5 thousand large and small ethnic communities.Research problems are in the plane of studying of historical experience, that from aspects, which is the concentrated expression of ethno adaptation social practice in the context of functioning of the people in the natural landscape surrounding them.The method of studying the problem posed is, first of all, the ecological-historical method. According to it, the environment includes both natural and man-made components. At the same time, the natural landscape and the environment are different categories. The environment is the result of the activities of both the person and entire nations. Nature is an inert element in the environment, not a necessity, but only an opportunity that is realized or not realized. The person as a representative of an ethnic community, a carrier of a certain ethnic culture and psychology is its active element, a host of possibilities.68The results of the study show that ethno-adaptation is expressed not only in the adaptation of the people to the natural landscape, but also the landscape to the ethnos and therefore it serves as a kind of "adapter" in the interaction of ethnic communities and the natural environment. The negative consequences of ethno-adaptation practice are periodic disruption of biological and demographic equilibrium, the presence of significant numbers of relict (minority) peoples on the modern ethnic map of the world and the possible premature disappearance of some of them.Results of a research can be applied when carrying out further researches on ecological history, ethnic ecology and historical ethnology, writing of the generalizing works on these problems.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(1):68-72
68-72
BASIC IMAGES OF SOVIET AND POST-SOVIET CINEMATOGRAPHY ABOUT THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR AS ELEMENTS OF THE NATIONAL RUSSIAN IDENTITY
摘要
The Great Patriotic War is one of the pillars of modern Russian identity. Domestic cinema for over 70 years forms its outlines. During the time, the memory of the war is becoming more and more mythological. The basic images of the myth of the past war help to see the features of the perception of war in the Soviet and post-Soviet cinema.Collective memory often absorbs the individual memory and deforms it. The desire to fix the content of collective memory, testifies to its disappearance and turning into history. Thus, the past is not reproduced, every time, invariably historians and cinematographers, and reconstructed, based on the needs of the present.Such phenomena in modern theory are called commemorative acts. This is a celebration of anniversaries, memorial services for the dead, observance of religious rites. Such acts maintain a sense of continuity in the society, revive memories, while deforming them. Some facts that may be insignificant or dangerous for the unity of the group are hushed up and eventually forgotten.In order to more clearly see and comprehend ideas about the Great Patriotic War in Soviet cinema, it is necessary to single out several basic images that are present in almost every picture, but change under the influence of an era, a director's vision and viewer expectations. In our opinion, these are “War”, “Enemy”, “Head”, “Army” and “Friends”. They are reflected in both the commemorative films and in the revisionist movies that appeared in the post-Soviet era.The experience of the war was so traumatic that its perception and reflection by means of cinema began to change quite quickly. Part of it was displaced under the influence of the post-traumatic syndrome, it was not noticed, and the part began to make out. Pronouncing is an important element in overcoming any psychological trauma. He also went through the means of cinema.In the modern Russian memorial cinema problematization of the enemy's image is still practically not happening. Soldiers and officers exist either as cogs of a German military machine, or are almost not present in the frame, representing an invisible threat.The absence of problematization of violence is another characteristic feature of memorial films. Revisionist movies, on the contrary, try to outline such problematization, to understand and show what the person felt. One of the most difficult subjects, tabooed by mythology, is the fate of people caught in the occupied territories and especially in the ranks of collaborators.In contemporary Russian cinema, both the memorial and revisionist trends continue to coexist. At the same time, state support is received, first of all, by pictures of the memorial area, bypassing complicated subjects and avoiding rethinking of traumatic experience.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(1):73-80
73-80
ATTITUDE TO FOREIGN TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE OF THE USSR DURING THE FIRST FIVE-YEAR PLAN THROUGH THE EYES OF THE CORRESPONDENT OF “KOMSOMOLSKAYA PRAVDA”
摘要
The article analyzes the complex of sources of personal origin, allowing to reveal the perception of Soviet people foreign technical assistance received by the enterprises of the Urals in the first five years. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of journalistic works by S.D. Narinyani, who worked for a long time as a correspondent of «Komsomolskaya Pravda» on the construction of the Magnitogorsk metallurgical combine. The conclusion is made about heuristic possibilities of using journalism as a source of personal origin.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(1):81-88
81-88
ABOUT THE FACTORS OF THE HISTORICAL PROCESS
摘要
The article is devoted to the consideration of factors of the historical process. Although various researchers mention a significant number of factors, the actual mechanism of action is traced only for a few of them. Demographic and technological factors are among these few factors (technology determines the development of the economy as well). The role of the demographic factor is considered in the framework of the neo-Malthusian demographic-structural theory. The role of the technological factor is described by a group of theories united by the concept of diffusionism. The combination of these concepts makes possible a more complete explanation of the historical process.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(1):89-95
89-95
ON THE “NEW INDUSTRIAL HISTORY” (TO THE QUESTION)
摘要
The article analyzes the global trend of changing the economic course in developed countries, which leads to a radical break in macroeconomic relations. It manifests itself in new industrialization, that is, the return of heavy industries from developing countries to developed ones at a new technological and environmental level, the rejection of free competition and the growth of protectionism. The author points to the pressure of politics on the modern economy. The reflection of these processes led to the creation of a new industrial history. The authors raise questions and encourage the General scientific community to discuss this important topic.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(1):96-97
96-97
THEORY OF FLOW GEOMETRY, NATURAL PRODUCTIVE FORCES AND THE NEW SCIENTIFIC WORLDVIEW: PETR KOROLKOV AND ITS HERITAGE
摘要
The article examines the historical scientific aspects of formation and development of a new scientific worldview. It arose on the basis of the views of the theory of the geometry of the flow, which can be used in many sciences. The legacy of the Ural GeophysicsP. Korolkov presented on the basis of the analysis of rare archival sources and scientific publications. His role is shown in a new concept of modern natural science, understanding of the world as a spontaneous flow of matter, the universal property of the microcosm and the universe be bodies effluents and sources of substances in radiance, provides motion and transformation of substances.For example, geology shows that it helps explain the patterns transformation of minerals “on the spot”, their composition, spatial patterns of distribution of the ore bodies and streams, natural productive forces to host economy.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(1):98-107
98-107
SOUTH-EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES: REVIEW OF THE UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS
摘要
The article is built on historical facts, statistics, and specifically on the UN official documents on the vital issue of peacekeeping and further consequences for the host actors. The author reviews the use of peacekeeping troops in South-East Asia and assesses the use of international forces in crisis situations.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(1):108-111
108-111
EUROPEAN INTEGRATION: FROM UNIVERSALITY TO THE VARIETY OF INTEGRATION MODELS
摘要
Европейская интеграция: Учебник для вузов/ под ред. О.В. Буториной (отв. ред.), Н.Ю. Кавешни- кова. 2-е изд., испр. и доп. М.: Аспект Пресс, 2016. 736 с.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(1):112-114
112-114