Vol 1, No 2 (2019)
- Year: 2019
- Articles: 17
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/2658-4654/issue/view/7760
Articles
A LOT OF CONCEPTUAL THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF HISTORY
Abstract
The purpose of the article in outlining the main provisions of a lot of conceptual theory and methodology of history. The past is known and explained through the purpose of human life and subsequent actions in achieving this goal. Man's worldview is the key to explaining the past. The objectives of the article are to identify the answers to the questions: where does the assessment of historical facts and falsification of history, as well as the difference between state history and non-state history. The logic of many of the conceptual study is carried out for different ideological purposes. The results of the study will allow researchers, teachers, students, history lovers to understand different interpretations of the past and their assessment of historical facts. Many conceptual theory of history enables people to perceive history according to their worldview and to be tolerant of other worldview interpretations.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(2):9-13
9-13
THE ORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE WESTERN HISTORIOSOPHISTIC THINKING
Abstract
The object of the research is the historical dimension of human existence in the context of the dynamics of Western thinking. The author analyzes the main trends in the development of Western historiosophical thought. To study the problem was used the theory of historical knowledge - historical epistemology. On its basis it is shown how the fundamental questions of man’s earthly existence were raised and resolved. In particular, questions about the ontological status of history (the «what» of the history), about the mechanisms of its functioning (the «how» of the history), about its direction (the «where» of the history), about its unity and multiplicity (the «how mach» the history), about its space-time certainty (the «where» and the «when» of the history). All the diversity of these issues, voiced in the context of philosophical reflection on the historical process, converges, as in focus, in the formulation of the problem of the meaning and purpose of history. The author comes to the conclusion that the philosopher does not deliberately invent theoretical matrices of history, but discovers an era in his contemporary consciousness and uses them to construct meaningful constructions of the historical movement. In accordance with the dominant social consciousness of a particular epoch - in the framework of the theoretical understanding of history - its own «dominant» historiosophema emerges. Their study occupies an important place in the theory of historical knowledge.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(2):14-22
14-22
ABOUT THE NEW CONCEPT OF THE THEORY OF HISTORY IN THE BOOK OF G. GERASIMOV “THE IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE HISTORY OF RUSSIA (mid XIX - early XX centuries)”
Abstract
In the book of Gerasimov G. for the first time in the national historiography, events of the history of Russia of the XIX - beginning of the XX are considered as the result of a change in the outlook of the Russian society. The author proposes a new theory of history - the ideological theory of history. The main thing in the new theory of history is that any historical action is first created in the human mind and then carried out in reality. The idea precedes the action in time. Material conditions favour or impede the realization of ideas, but do not predetermine their content. An important role in the idealistic approach is played by the worldview, which is interpreted by the author as a system of hierarchical ideas that determine the values - of a given culture and society. On this theoretical and methodological foundation, a serious bid has been made for the creation of a full-fledged original historical concept, moreover, reasonable and thoroughly elaborated. However, it must be admitted that the section of the methodology is the least logical and understandable, and therefore needs to be improved.The author proceeds from the fact that ideological ideas, at least rationalistic ones, are created by the free creativity of the human mind, which means that history does not have a natural development, which is entirely determined by human creativity. The author views the development of Russian history through the lens of a change of ideologies: mythological, Orthodox, and rationalistic, first in the form of communism, and later of liberalism.From the standpoint of an idealistic approach, the history of Russia is a process of human creativity. The author believes that the proposed theory of history makes it possible to consistently explain the development of the economy, society, and the political sphere in the period under review, to understand the causes of reforms and revolutions, the fall of the autocracy, the victory of the Bolsheviks, etc. The methodology of analyzing and interpreting its results when considering all these areas by theory.The application of an idealistic approach to concrete historical material shows that history is a struggle of intellects, a struggle of ideas, and in any area of human life the society that creates the best and most effective ideas achieves the greatest achievements.The undoubted advantage of an idealistic approach is its tolerance to historical events and characters. It follows from the position that the actions of people are not based on their evil or goodwill, but on ideas that correspond to the dominant worldview and flow from it.However, along with the undoubted achievements, there are controversial points that need to be improved. These include: the causes of historical creativity, the rationale and application of the method of understanding, the problem is true and the objectivity of historical research and some others.In general, despite the shortcomings, the first experience of the idealistic history of Russia can be considered successful.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(2):23-29
23-29
RUSSIAN CONFESSIONAL POLICY OF THE XIX CENTURY: “ISLAMIC RENAISSANCE”
Abstract
The article on the basis of archival and documentary materials analyzes the “Islamic renaissance” in the context of Russian confessional policy. It is proved that the main factor of the“Islamic renaissance” is the entry of the North Caucasian peoples into the legal and socio-cultural field of Russia. Its indicators included the legitimization of traditional Islamic institutions and their functioning, the establishment of mosques under which religious education was carried out. It is concluded that the socio-spiritual modernization developed by the Russian Empire in the North Caucasus in the XIX century contributed to the consolidation of Islamism in the mountain environment. However, many projects of the ongoing reform have been imperfect, and therefore they are causing controversy to this day. This circumstance is intended to focus the attention of the current Russian authorities in the elaboration of a balanced policy in solving the “Muslim issue”.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(2):30-33
30-33
STUDY OF THE ROLE OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK CORPS IN THE OUTBREAK OF THE CIVIL WAR OF 1918-1920 IN RUSSIA. FACTOR ANALYSIS
Abstract
The volunteer Czechoslovak corps played a key role in the outbreak of the civil war in Russia in 1918-1920, but in modern historiography its role in the civil war is silenced or evaluated inconsistently. The author, using the evidence of the White movement and the Czechoslovak Legionnaires themselves, examines the role of the Czechoslovak corps in the civil war. The article shows the features of the corps formation and its social composition. The corps was a kind of military unit formed of Czech colonists living in Russia, Czech prisoners of war and nationalist Slovaks, illiterate soldiers who did not understand politics, who sought to get to their homeland faster, adventurers, careerists, counter-revolutionary Russian officers. The action of the Czechoslovak corps was the beginning of the uprising of opponents of Soviet power and the deployment of hostilities in the Urals and Siberia, the emergence of mass terror and robbery of civilians. The beginning of the uprising caused the consolidation of all anti-Bolshevik forces in the country and contributed to the incitement of large-scale, long, fierce civil war in Russia in 1918-1920.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(2):34-41
34-41
POSITIVE HISTORY OF RUSSIA. IDEALISTIC APPROACH
Abstract
The aim of the article is to substantiate the possibility of creating a positive history on the basis of the theoretical and methodological provisions of the idealistic approach. By positive history, the article refers to the great and tragic truth of Russian history and understanding of the idea, fate, destiny, and ways of Russia and its people.The basis of both positive and negative history is the evaluation of historical facts, which are determined by the theory that the historian is guided by when interpreting them. As a rule, the historical actions of people committed on the basis of the goals and motives of one world outlook, from the point of view of other world perceptions, are assessed as negative. The history created by the people, who proceeded from the communist idea in their actions, will be negative from the liberal and vice versa, since these are antagonistic worldviews. In order to properly understand and interpret the events of the past, it is necessary in their assessment to proceed from the ideological norms followed by the actors of historical action. That’s the idealistic approach to past events. Russian history, written from its position, is the natural result of the ideological and creative activity of the Russian people.The key events of Russian history interpreted from the standpoint of an idealistic approach appear as a result of the ideological struggle that has been fought over the course of several centuries in the minds of the Russian people. As a result of this struggle in 1917, the Orthodox worldview gave way to a communist one. From the standpoint of an idealistic approach, this is a struggle for a better future for the country and its people, which was fought by people with different ideological positions. The intransigence of ideological positions determined the uncompromising nature of this struggle. The tragedy of such a story is that on both sides people sacrificed themselves and others for differently understood ideals of the future Russian state and society.Thus, based on the theoretical and methodological provisions of the idealistic approach, a positive explanation of the main historical events of national history becomes possible.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(2):42-49
42-49
FRENCH PROPAGANDISTIC ORGANIZATIONS IN 1914-1916
Abstract
This article attempts to study some features of the process of formation of the propaganda mechanism in France in 1914-1916. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the specifics of the interaction of propaganda structures with the public authorities of France. A detailed study and analysis of the activities of these organizations will provide a more complete picture of the evolution of the mechanism of military propaganda during the First World War.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(2):50-53
50-53
THE VIEWS OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE HARBIN LAW SCHOOL OF THE RIGHT TO THE SOCIAL ESSENCE OF ITALIAN FASCISM AND NATIONAL SOCIALISM
Abstract
Currently, due to the rapidly changing political, socio-economic relations in Russia and the world, the ever-growing threat of extremism and terrorism in all their manifestations and forms, it becomes clear more than ever how important it is to deepen the study and search for new approaches to understanding such phenomena like German national socialism and Italian fascism. In this connection, to understand the essence of these phenomena, it is appropriate to refer to the legal heritage of scientists - representatives of the Harbin Law School, leading theorists and philosophers of law, whose research was distinguished by the depth and diversity of approaches that are relevant for modern Russian jurisprudence. The subject of the research is the views of one of the most prominent representatives of the Harbin Law School, GK Gins. Both domestic and foreign authors turned to the study of his views. Among the latter should be attributed to the American scientist J. Stefan.The article discusses the views of Hins on the essence of Nazism and fascism through an analysis of the position of the entrepreneur in Germany and Italy in the 30s of the last century. Stand out as a similarity and differences. To define the peculiarities of Italian fascism, one of the leaders of solidarism introduces the concept of «fettered capitalism». The author comes to the conclusion that. What should not identify these two concepts. Particularly noteworthy is the conclusion that the subordination of one party’s society and the participation of its representatives in economic organizations creates the possibility of abuse.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(2):54-58
54-58
COLONIAL STRATEGY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY OF GREAT BRITAIN IN THE 1920s
Abstract
The need for further study of the phenomenon of British colonialism is due to the significant role that its evolution played in the formation of the modern global model of the international system. The analysis of the changes that took place in the sphere of theoretical understanding and practical implementation of various forms and methods of colonial administration is of fundamental importance in this regard. A deeper and more comprehensive understanding of this process, particularly in relation to the interwar period, helps to identify the causes of many problems related to the ambivalence and internal inconsistency of the modern world order.During the interwar period, Great Britain, with its vast colonial and semi-colonial periphery, continued to be an essential element of the system of international relations. The processes that took place within the British Empire, to a large extent determined the further development trends of the system of international relations as a whole. Due to a number of factors changes in the colonial strategy of Great Britain, emerging in the interwar decades, laid the Foundation for the formation of fundamentally new methods of implementation in the international arena of the interests of the leading powers, largely predetermining the trends of world politics in the subsequent period. The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of using the evidence collected in it, as well as theoretical conclusions and conclusions in order to further study both a specific period in the history of the British colonial system, and the General problemsassociated with the evolution of forms and methods of colonialism.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(2):59-62
59-62
ABOUT DATING AND CULTURAL IDENTITY OF THE MEDIEVAL BURIAL GROUND KORDON MIASSOVO 1 IN THE MOUNTAIN-FOREST URAL
Abstract
Thearticledealswiththedatingandculturalidentityoftwoburialsofthemedievalburialground Kordon Miassovo 1, located in the mountain-forest of Urals. Presents the results of a comparative analysis of the inventory of burials, which includes items of military equestrian equipment - a quiver with iron armor-piercing arrowheads, fragments of a horse whip, knives. It is shown that the presented inventory has analogies in a wide range of nomadic cultures of Eastern Europe, Western and Southern Siberia of the XIII-XVI centuries, which is confirmed by the radiocarbon date obtained on the bones from the burial 1 of the burial ground Kordon Miassovo 1. Attention is paid to the anthropological analysis of the buried, whose racially-diagnosing features indicate their mixed Caucasoid-Mongoloid origin and signs of the morpho-complex of constant horsemen-warriors. It is concluded that in the archaeological and cultural plan the burials of the Kordon Miassovo 1 burial site are included in the circle of monuments distributed in the second quarter of the 2nd millennium in the wide territory on both sides of the Ural range from the eastern regions of Tatarstan, mountain forest and forest-steppe Bashkortostan to the forest zone Zauralye, which researchers unite in the framework of a single Chiyalik culture. This culture is associated with one of the stages of the formation of the Ugric ethnocultural array, the ancestors of the modern Khanty, Mansi and Hungarians.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(2):63-70
63-70
THE MULTYLAYER SETTLEMENT TASHKOVO 1: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF FIELD STUDIES 2017-2018 SEASON
Abstract
The article reported preliminary results of field studies 2017-2018 season. Continuation of excavation of this settlement was intended to achieve archeological source on the basic site of Trans-Urals Neolithic using modern methods and to precise number of features topography of the settlement. Core results of this study are finding out of neo-eneolithic houses and pits and dating of main typological ceramic groups. These allow to substantially add bodies of evidence by relevant archeological vein.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(2):71-83
71-83
TRADITIONAL OUTBUILDINGS OF THE MORDOVIANS
Abstract
The article deals with the main traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians, reported on their functional purpose in economic activity. The forms and types of outbuildings, as well as the main building materials used by Mordvins are described in detail. Their signifiin the religious and ceremonial life of the ethnic group is shown. Traditional outbuildings were of great importance in the economic activity of the Mordovian ethnic group. According to their functional purpose, they can be divided into the following groups: for livestock and poultry (stable, chicken coop, stable, kalda), sanitary and hygienic (bath), warehouse buildings for storage of food, utensils, fi ewood, animal feed (barn, cellar, woodshed, hayloft), for processing of grain (sheep, riga, mill). Depending on the welfare and fi capacity of the family, the number of outbuildings was different. As a rule, the wealthier families had more outbuildings than the wealthier ones. The main building material for the construction of these buildings was wood. Thus, the traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians occupied an important place in its economic activities. At the same time, each of them had its own purpose and performed certain functions. Some buildings, such as a bath and a barn, had not only economic purpose, but also were the venue for a number of prayers and ceremonies. It is now universally persist bath, outdoor courtyard with standing in different places, sheds, barn and cellar.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(2):84-89
84-89
“HISTORICAL POLITICS” IN THE URALS IN THE 1930s: MODERN VIEW
Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of the policy of the Soviet state in the development of historical research in the Urals in the 1930s. Previously it was called “state leadership of science”, now it is called “historical policy”. The influence of the activities of state bodies on the organization of scientific research on the study of history is considered. Under the “organization of scientific research” refers to the activities of scientific institutions, universities, local history societies, the state of scientific personnel involved in the study of history. Highlights the stages in the realization of “historical policy” in the 1930s concluded that the most significant changes in government policy in relation to the science of history occurred in the 1920s - 1930s, Analyzes the debate occurring in modern science, about the reasons for the change of “historical policy” in this critical period for the country. The author assesses the repressions that fell on the historians of the Urals. For the first time in the scientific literature the stages of prosecution of historians during this decade are allocated.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(2):90-97
90-97
VIII ALL-UNION BYZANTINE SESSION, 1969 (ON M.YA. SJUZJUMOV’ ARCHIVE)
Abstract
Michael Yakovlevich Sjuzjumov (1893-1982) was a brilliant byzantinist, the best-known college of Alexander Kazhdan.M. Sjuzjumov was a creator of dialectical continuity theory. He was a ruler of VIII All-Union Byzantine Session organizing committee in 1969. The article is devoted to analyses of informative report about Byzantine Session by Proff. M.Ya. Sjusjumov.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(2):98-104
98-104
“HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY”: SUBJECT-CONCEPTUAL EVOLUTION - FROM CHRONOLOGY OF FACTS TO HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL GENERALIES
Abstract
The article discusses the development of a new historical discipline of the “history of science and technology”, which has been undergoing its formation in recent decades. By introducing modern scientific and philosophical approaches into its methodology, the history of science and technology as a science demonstrates the general pattern of any modern science - an accelerating transition to an increasingly general, historical and philosophical level. The influence of philosophical concepts on the development of this science is considered. The concept of the historical interaction of science and technology is analyzed as the most important direction and subject of research by historians and methodologists working in this field. Along with the general theoretical formulation of the question, private ones were also considered. One of the aspects of this process is taken - the question of teaching it as a course in the system of higher education. The author, analyzing these changes indicates that they require changes in the educational process, in the teaching approach to the presentation of the discipline. The aspect of teaching this discipline is considered on the example of the history of energy. Used by the Department of History of Science and Technology of the Ural Federal University.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(2):105-110
105-110
AMERICAN INDIANS AND THEIR ALLIES: STRUGGLE OF U.S. POPULATION AGAINST DAKOTA ACCESS PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION
Abstract
The authors analyze struggle of Americans against Dakota Access pipeline in 2014-2017. The confrontation with large corporations connected with the US government resulted in an alliance that included several American Indian tribes, environmentalists and veterans. During their litigation with the US Army Corps of Engineers that builds the pipeline, American Indians referred to the treaties between the US government and sovereign tribes. The treaties gave the lands in question to Sioux tribes. The court mentioned importance of the treaties in its decision, but passed its verdict on the premise that those lands are private property. Apart from the litigation, American Indians set up a permanent camp to protest against the pipeline. Lawful peaceful protests were brutally suppressed. The movement that started as Standing Rock Sioux struggle against one site turned into a long-term protest that involved thousands of people from different social groups and had global repercussions.
History and Modern Perspectives. 2019;1(2):111-118
111-118
119-120