卷 14, 编号 3 (2021)

Illegal manifestations expressed in the form of extremist activity are identified by the author as the object of research. Of the entire array of extremist manifestations, the subject of the study is illegal actions expressed in the form of public calls for the implementation of this activity. The main aim of the study is based on linguistic and legal analysis of the term «appeal», the reformation part 2 of article 280 of the Russian Federation Criminal Code (hereinafter - the Criminal Code). A study conducted by the author in the article allows to formulate the following conclusions: significant diversity of the classification criteria of the term «conscription»; the specificity of appeals, subject to the elements of a crime stipulated by article 280 of the Russian Federation Criminal Code, defined by their publicity, specifics and motives; the allocation of part 2 in part 3 of article 280 of the Criminal Code of the phrase «the same acts, committed with the use of information and telecommunication networks, including the network «Internet»»; toughening sanctions re-formed by part 3 of article 280 of the Criminal Code.

This article examines the development trends and features of modern (international) extremism and terrorism, which currently pose a significant threat to the foundations of the constitutional system of Russia. The author of the work draws attention to the fact that crimes of an extremist and terrorist nature are always highly resonant and pose a direct threat to security to the constitutional foundations of the social and state system, and in turn, this presupposes and requires from the state legal regulation of the fight against these negative phenomena as one of the priority tasks. The scale and geography of crimes of this nature indicate that almost any state can potentially be targeted by extremism and terrorism, and this does not depend on the level of socio-economic development, state and political structure and military power and capabilities of a particular country. The ideology of modern terrorism is represented by radicalist and, as a rule, religiously determined views, supporters of this ideology rely on violence and extremism in resolving social contradictions and implementing social transformations. Extremist and terrorist activities are the actual continuation of the ideas of radicalism, the foundation for which is the religious revival. Therefore, the prevention and fight against manifestations of extremist and terrorist orientation should be based on a nationwide set of measures involving a systematic and permanent nature, covering all the necessary levels of legal regulation, as well as the practice of applying anti-terrorist and anti-extremist legislation. In addition, it is important that when developing the above set of measures to combat these crimes, the international experience of other countries that have also faced extremism and terrorism in any form of their manifestations is used. It should be noted that Russia, through the relevant bodies and services, as well as interaction with international organizations, whose main activity is the prevention and fight against terrorist and extremist crimes, cooperates with many foreign states, which multiplies the effectiveness of countermeasures in the fight against international extremist terrorist organizations. Russian law enforcement agencies are increasingly combining their efforts and cooperating with law enforcement agencies and special services of foreign states, which makes it possible to develop a unified set of preventive measures to prevent, as well as an effective mechanism to counter manifestations of an extremist nature, neutralize international extremist and terrorist organizations. Countering criminal extremism and terrorism can be effective only when it is engaged not only by persons authorized by the Law, law enforcement officers, but the whole society as a whole, including representatives of the scientific world, scientists of various specialties.

The protection and protection of the rights of the family is of paramount importance for the development of Russian society, since the directly indicated institution has a decisive influence on the formation and formation of the personality of minors. Within the framework of the above-mentioned human rights activities, issues that simultaneously affect the interests of children and their parents acquire special relevance. One of the most dangerous crimes in this area is the substitution of children, due to which many vital ties between biological relatives are violated, which, in general, can lead to significant problems in the development of the child. Despite the long existence of the criminal law providing for responsibility for this crime, in practice, all the nuances of its commission within the general composition are not always taken into account. The purpose of the scientific study is the criminal legal characteristic of responsibility for substitution of a child under Russian law. The author comes to the conclusion that substitution of a child is justifiably singled out as a criminally punishable act, since the circle of victims in this case is very wide, and it is not limited exclusively to the child. Attention is focused on the fact that the materials of law enforcement practice demonstrate, albeit small, but stable statistics on the commission of the above-mentioned crime, which is largely due to the difficulties of its identification and investigation. The decisive importance for the qualification of acts under Art. 153 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, characteristics of the subject and the subjective side of the substitution of a child. As a promising direction for improving criminal liability for this crime, the addition of Art. 153 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation as a qualifying feature in the form of the use of official position.

The purpose of this study was to study the problems and ways of countering the factors that cause the spread of the ideology of terrorism in the youth environment. Moreover, as you know, this phenomenon is one of the significant problems of our time, the solution of which falls on the shoulders of state institutions and society as a whole, as well as law enforcement agencies. The tasks of the study are to analyze the causes of the emergence and spread of the ideology of terrorism in the youth environment, as well as to study its consequences and ways of localization. In our study, we tried to reveal the historical and social determinants that led to the spread of this phenomenon among youth audiences. However, within the framework of this study, in order to better understand the dominant factors of the origin of modern terrorism and its characteristics, we also considered it in the context of the influence of globalization processes. Conclusions: We have established that the most important direction of globalization is the formation of a close relationship between countries and states in various fields - economics, politics, social, cultural and trade spheres, ecology, information technologies, etc. Hence, together with the positive trends of globalization, its negative aspect was also highlighted: the accessibility of the information space has become one of the key factors in the penetration of the ideology of terrorism into the youth environment. Young people became the most involved group in the ideas of terrorism, primarily because of the accessibility to everyone of technological advances and new trends in the global information space. But in general, summarizing the sources and determinants that inspire the spread of the ideology of terrorism, in addition to the consequences of globalization, one should include a drop in the living standard of the population, legal nihilism in society, an aggravation of the political struggle, a drop in the authority of power.

The purpose of this study was to study the synergistic effect of globalization, which led to the emergence and spread of radicalism in the youth environment, which is expressed in both conscious and unconscious extremes in views and actions. Society faced a serious risk of destructive ideologies, especially in the youth environment, since it is it that constitutes the demographic group most susceptible to radical sentiments. The tasks of the study are to analyze the causes of the emergence and spread of radicalism in the youth environment. In our study, we tried to uncover the essential aspects of globalization processes that covered all spheres of human life. As a result, the world has experienced a crisis that has resulted in socio-economic, political, economic, demographic, environmental and humanitarian problems. Revealing the essence of the concept of "radicalization," we highlighted its multidimensional nature, which is expressed in the individual's acceptance of extremist political, social or religious ideals and their promotion by violent methods. We also considered the problem of radicalism through the lens of globalization, which began its evolution under the influence of three main factors: geopolitical, socio-economic and ideological. Conclusions: We found that the synergistic effect of globalization was manifested in the radicalization of youth and led to the creation of a mega-society and global networks over barriers and borders. The integration of world space and the erosion of national and cultural borders took a negative color, when any informal current and subculture found a way out in the manifestation of radical sentiments among young people, who, as the object of state interests, strategic personnel and labor resources, are most affected by opposition and destructive forces.

There is still a high level of young people involvement in extremist activities nowadays. Young people are still the main target audience of apologists for extremism, since, due to their age characteristics - the lack of critical thinking, the presence of protest moods, the desire for self-affirmation and liberation from the parents and teachers dictates - it turns out to be the most susceptible to all kinds of trends. The aim of the work is to study the possibilities of the young people anti-extremist consciousness formation as a factor acting in unity with activity and determining its motivation, regulating behavior, providing an appropriate result. The topicality of the article is due to the fact that the young people consciousness is increasingly becoming the subject of manipulation by extremist movements supporters, which use for this the temporary social and economic difficulties in the country, education and upbringing system disadvantages, spiritual poverty of young people and other negative factors that play into their hands. The need to analyze and search for possible ways to counter extremism remains. The article provides a general definition of the concept of «consciousness», examines its structure, in order to provide an understanding of what should be taken into account in the extremism preventing process. The object of the research is activities aimed at the anti-extremist consciousness formation among young people. The subject of the research is the analysis of the conditions and means of the youth anti-extremist consciousness formation. The authors point out that any activity (including the extremist one) is always associated with consciousness. Consciousness determines a person's views on the world, allowing him to rethink it and determining his main motives for action and his behavior. Understanding this requires the activities for the extremism prevention not become like symptomatic treatment; it is necessary to influence the sphere of young people consciousness, i.e. eliminate the cause of the «disease». In the conclusion, the authors emphasize that young people are the part of the population the future of the Russian state and society depends on. The lack of proper conditions for its development, personal growth and urgent needs satisfaction and the resulting frustration experiences inevitably push them to search for alternative opportunities to achieve their goals. Insufficiently developed critical thinking and the lack of internal censorship, solid knowledge and beliefs about universal human values make them easy prey for extremist activities representatives. Therefore, within the framework of preventive measures carried out in the country, it is necessary to pay attention to such an issue as the anti-extremist consciousness formation through systematic explanatory work among young people in order to improve the quality of their knowledge, moral values, thanks to which an attitude of destructive ideology rejection and condemnation could be formed in their minds.

The article examines the terms «radicalization», «deradicalization», «counteraction to radicalization». The relationship between radicalization, extremism and terrorism is examined. Historically, «radicalism» - as opposed to «extremism» - does not necessarily have negative connotations and is not synonymous with terrorism. The purpose of this article is to try to reveal the complexities of defining the phenomenon of «radicalism». The concept of «radicalism» has largely changed its meaning in the course of history. Radicalism can only be understood in terms of its distance or basic positions in the political spectrum of a given society. Radicalism is much less problematic for a democratic society than extremism, since real radicals tend to be more pragmatic and open to critical discourse. Radicals can be reformist and non-violent, while extremists tend to be closed-minded, intolerant, anti-democratic and willing to use all means, including deception, to achieve their goals. Both radicalism and extremism can be understood only in terms of their distance or basic positions in the political spectrum of a given society. That said, it makes sense, however, to distinguish between radicalism and extremism on the basis of the historical record of both phenomena. This study examines radicalization not only at the micro-level of «vulnerable persons», but also at the meso-level of the «radical environment» and at the macro-level of «radicalization of public opinion and political parties». Radicalization is a process that can occur on both sides of conflict dyads, and challenges several widely held assumptions. Various programs to counter radicalization and deradicalization have been studied.

Fostering a sense of patriotism among police officers is of crucial importance in the formation of a full-fledged self-sufficient personality with high professionalism, serving for the benefit of the Motherland. The facts from the history of the emergence of patriotism are mentioned, whose interests they represented, what importance they attached to the education of patriotism in Russia in the last century, how the program for the education of patriotism among police officers changed, what importance they attach to it now. The article deals with the problems of education of patriotism among law enforcement officers. In modern Russia, the previously not-so-important qualities of a police officer's personality are once again becoming a priority. The use of various means and methods in the work of fostering a sense of patriotism is raised in the work, and the structure, content, and components of patriotic education are also considered. This is a way of unity, integration, and readiness to protect your country and citizens in any situation, including from the harmful effects of criminal organizations. In the course of working on the article, the author identified a number of measures that contribute to the effectiveness of education of patriotism among law enforcement officers, as well as events that include competitions, evenings in memory of deceased employees during the performance of official duty, assistance to the remaining family members. They are also involved in the education of patriotism among young specialists, Veterans of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, veterans of the Second World War. There are such methods in the work of patriotic education as the method of example, encouragement, coercion, exercise, criticism, and persuasion. All methods should be approached correctly, using them in a complex. Among the means used in the education of a sense of patriotism among police officers, I would like to highlight the service rituals mentioned in the article. For their implementation, it is desirable to have symbols (coat of arms, flag, anthem of Russia, banners, etc.). The role of patriotic education of police officers and its connection in the fight against criminals is determined. A modern police officer must be fully developed and educated, in the consciousness of which such definitions as protection of the population from the criminal world, loyalty to the state, loyalty to the Fatherland are firmly established.

The purpose of this study was to study the issues of developing the professional readiness of police officers for the lawful use of physical force in the process of protecting public order. The conceptual characteristics of use of physical force, suppression of offense and public order are considered and defined. The objectives of the study are to analyze the components of the professional readiness of police officers to use physical force against antisocial elements. It has been established that the correct and lawful use of physical force is one of the essential measures of administrative coercion that police officers use to protect the interests of the individual, the State and society from unlawful attacks by antisocial elements, as well as to ensure and maintain the public safety of citizens and the employee himself. Conclusions: In order to ensure legality in the use of combat techniques and measures of physical influence, they should be classified in terms of the degree of danger to the life and health of the persons to whom they are applied. The classification in this case is due to a number of factors: the coordination complexity of some techniques and the time frame for their development; the level of mastery of each reception and the ability to monitor the strength of its use; ability to apply reception depending on the current situation. conscientious study by police officers of the section "Combat methods of wrestling" in physical training classes forms their readiness for the lawful use of physical measures and methods of wrestling, which is the main condition in the manifestation of positive trends in the protection of public and legal order.

Investigations of crimes committed by organized criminal groups and criminal communities have their own characteristic features, i.e. specific features peculiar to these structures. This article discusses these features and indicates that at the beginning of the investigation it is necessary to identify the common characteristics inherent in these elements of the crime. The purpose of writing a scientific article is to consider some of the characteristics of these groups and communities and to develop proposals for improving the production of preliminary investigations. Based on these goals, the task of the scientific research was to study the characteristics of situational criminal groups, companies, organized groups and communities. The relevance of this article is due to the fact that in the forensic and procedural literature this issue has been considered for a long time, but at the same time, the issues to be established in a criminal case are not highlighted.

The protection of a witness during a criminal trial is the most important component in proving the guilt of criminals. Ensuring organized protection is the responsibility of law enforcement agencies, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. The article reveals the current problems of witness protection, gaps in the legislation that require adjustments and additions on this issue. The witness cannot be sure of his own safety, therefore, at any time in the criminal process, he can change the testimony or completely abandon them. The article provides measures to provide a witness to a crime, including many aspects: protection of close relatives of the witness, if they are in danger, change of appearance, replacement of documents and other measures. The topic of the relevance of the issue of providing a lawyer who will represent the interests of the witness, as well as explain to him all the procedures performed in the course of criminal cases, was also touched upon. The author draws attention to the issue of providing the witness with an interpreter, since he has the right to give evidence at the trial in any language convenient for him. The article mentions the need to tighten the responsibility for the influence of a witness, both on the part of the criminal and on the part of a representative of law enforcement agencies. At the same time, the witness of the crime, in turn, must be aware of his responsibility before the law in catching the criminal, realizing that this is his direct duty. Protection can be provided not only to the witness of the crime, but also to the victim, the private prosecutor, the interpreter, experts, specialists, plaintiffs and defendants. The author comes to the conclusion that the procedure for assigning protection measures should be simplified, since the criminal can outrun the implementation of protection by law enforcement agencies and put pressure on the witness, threatening him or his close relatives with violence. As for the witness, he must speak only the truth in court and is criminally liable for giving false testimony. The protection of a witness is carried out on the basis of an application and is considered within three days or immediately, if the circumstances require it.

The article analyzes the experience accumulated in the Russian Federation of interaction between the internal affairs bodies and the official clergy of the largest world religions. The author examines the legal basis that has laid the foundation for successful cooperation between law enforcement agencies in general and internal affairs agencies in particular with representatives of the main religious denominations that have historically become widespread on the territory of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to identify and critically reflect on gaps in the existing practice of countering extremism, as well as to formulate proposals for improving the practice of cooperation between the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and the Russian clergy in preventing extremism and combating its various manifestations. The work focuses on the insufficient use of the potential of the world's largest religions in strengthening the atmosphere of mutual understanding, cooperation and mutual assistance in Russian society. The author comes to several conclusions. First, the legislation of the Russian Federation has formed an extensive regulatory framework necessary for the successful implementation of opportunities for coordinating the efforts of the internal affairs bodies of Russia, as well as other law enforcement agencies of our country and representatives of the Russian clergy in countering extremism. The task of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation at this stage is systematic work to achieve the goals formulated by the legislation in the field of countering extremism. Secondly, the key to successfully countering extremism is to work with all categories of citizens, taking into account gender and age specifics, historical and cultural characteristics. Particular attention should be paid to the young rising generation of Russians, which is one of the most vulnerable categories of the population to negative impact. Thirdly, one of the most important aspects of successfully countering extremism is educational and educational work with the population aimed at forming in every citizen an objective and unbiased view of the culture, religion, customs and traditions of the peoples of Russia. The author believes that only an educated person with sufficient knowledge can confidently resist attempts to influence him by extremist organizations. Fourthly, the importance in the context of the spread of the coronavirus pandemic and the significant increase in the time that the inhabitants of our country spend in cyberspace dictate the need to intensify the efforts of the internal affairs bodies and the clergy to combat extremism on the Internet.

The family is the main reference point that forms the positive qualities of the child. The family predetermines the most important educational functions at the initial stage of a child's development. At the initial stage, this institution accumulates all the information received outside the home. The author made an attempt, within the framework of the study, to consider the relationship between the above factors of adolescent deviation. In conclusion of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the success of the formation of personal qualities is directly related to the most important social institution, the family. The effectiveness of the moral, physical and labor education of a child is directly proportional to the degree of well-being of the family in which he is brought up. In the practical activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies, this dependence is used in considering the portrait of the personality of a juvenile offender and an employee. It is enough for a competent specialist to communicate with a teenager in order to draw conclusions about what the family in which he was brought up is like. As well as communication with the parents of the child makes it possible to establish what kind of children they brought up. The most stable formation of self-confidence, a sense of security in tomorrow and love is given only by a deep connection with parents. And parents, in turn, receive joy and warmth. "We give children - life, and they give us - the meaning of life." It is the condition that predetermines the interdependence investigated in this article.

The changes taking place in our society in all spheres of political, economic and social life, first of all, affected the level of crime, namely crimes and offenses committed using modern information and telecommunication technologies. For the criminal community, terrorist groups, the Internet serves as the main channel for communication with young people and a way of recruiting them. Of course, factors such as ease of use, speed of information transfer and its anonymity, multimedia capabilities, weak legal regulation and easy access to the audience explain the popularity of this resource among criminals. Therefore, being an ideal means of communication, including for the dissemination of extremist ideas, the Internet in a sense acts as a vector contributing to the growth of offenses in this area. Currently, there is a continuous process of digitalization of property offenses, which is clearly seen in criminal statistics. “Traditional” thefts and frauds are being replaced by theft of electronic funds and fraud in the field of computer information and the use of electronic means of payment, which requires an adequate response from law enforcement agencies, including in terms of prevention. In this article, the authors consider the essential content and features of the functioning of the preventive direction of the internal affairs bodies of the Stavropol Territory, associated with the prevention of offenses committed using modern information and telecommunication technologies (cyber offenses), as well as its three constituent subdirections. In addition, the work provides a positive experience of organizing and carrying out preventive activities in this direction by divisions of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Stavropol Territory. These issues require further research in order to develop the main directions of crime prevention in this area, which is quite justified and promising.

In the article, the author considers the criminological characteristics of crimes against sexual freedom and inviolability of person, as a factor of counteraction to crime. The article analyzes the regulatory and legal framework governing the assignment of responsibility for crimes infringing upon sexual freedom and inviolability of the person as one of the most socially dangerous acts, destructively affecting the normal formation and development of social relations. The aim of the work was to study the aspects of the criminological characteristics of the crimes under the dispositions of chapter 18 of the Criminal Code of the RF, their features from the side of the practical use as a factor in countering crime. When analyzing the main aspects of the criminological characteristics of this category of crimes, the properties of the corpus delicti and specific qualities of criminal encroachment were highlighted, as well as the author speaks about the high level of latency of crimes against sexual freedom and inviolability of the person, as a factor complicating the implementation of measures to counteract crime. The peculiarities of criminological characteristics allow allocating a correlation of theoretical criminal-legal aspects with practical ones, namely interdependence of corpus delicti and evaluation of personal qualities of a criminal and a victim as well as conditions and ways of committing a crime. The author of the article identifies the dependence of ways of committing a crime and personal characteristics of a perpetrator, which allows developing measures of struggle against criminal encroachments violating the rights of a person. The classification of conditions contributing to the crime of this category contributes to the improvement of methods and means of preventive nature, forming a system of counteraction to crime. The author made a conclusion about the importance of criminological characteristics of crimes against sexual freedom and inviolability of a person as a factor in counteracting crime.

Russian legislation, like the laws of many other countries, has been significantly changed in the context of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic. The changes affected the institution of responsibility for violations of sanitary and epidemiological rules. Art. 236 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, taking into account the changes and additions made in 2020, is an example of a very progressive norm in the analyzed area. This criminal behavior has a significant social danger, in connection with which, at present, special attention is paid to combating the spread of violations of sanitary and epidemiological rules. However, despite the vigorous activity of most public authorities to combat the above criminal behavior, as well as in conditions of a significant decrease in the daily number of cases of coronavirus infection, at present there is still a risk of mass spread of violations that negatively affect the epidemiological situation. Preventive activity, which is aimed at eliminating factors affecting the development of crime in this area, is acquiring special relevance. The purpose of writing a research paper is to identify the features of preventing violations of sanitary and epidemiological rules on the territory of the Russian Federation in a pandemic. The author comes to the conclusion that the current global problem of the spread of coronavirus infection cannot be solved only by the competent authorities or medical institutions, and therefore, it is of paramount importance for the population to clearly understand the existing risks and transform the daily behavior of each person, taking into account the existing sanitary -epidemiological rules. Attention is focused on the need to maintain constant preventive activity in the context of the identified features.

The problem of excessive alcohol consumption arose quite often at various stages of the development of the Russian state, however, at present, the greatest social danger is posed by alcoholization of minors. Given the importance of the younger generation for the development of the Russian state in the future, a number of prohibitions and additional requirements have been adopted at the legislative level to exclude the sale of alcohol to persons under the age of 18. In case of violation of the relevant legal requirements, Russian legislation provides for administrative and criminal liability in this area. However, despite the existence of a large number of regulations and active practice of their application, the problem of retail sale of alcoholic beverages to children and adolescents is of acute urgency at the present time. ... The author comes to the conclusion that in many ways the analyzed crime is associated with a significant demand for alcoholic beverages among minors, which provokes the illegal behavior of subjects of economic relations. In addition, among the urgent problems of combating the above-mentioned crime, the ineffectiveness of certain aspects of control and supervision activities in the sphere of alcohol turnover and the availability of alternative methods of acquiring alcohol, which are actively used by minors, are highlighted. In this context, as the most promising direction for improving the mechanisms of combating retail sales minors of alcoholic products are allocated comprehensive preventive and preventive work with the perception of alcohol by children and adolescents and the inadmissibility of the sale of the specified product by subjects of economic relations in violation of the requirements of the current Russian legislation.

The article shows the process of searching for a nationally oriented and consolidating ideology of Russian society. The stages of constitutional and legal registration of state-confessional relations in the context of the work being carried out are revealed. In the course of analyzing the stages of legal regulation of these relations, the authors of the article actualize the problems of legal understanding of the constitutional principles of the secular nature of the Russian state, freedom of conscience and religion. The article shows that the introduction of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020 related to the indication of faith in «God» violates the principle of the secular nature of the state of the Russian Federation. This problem is considered by means of an example from legal practice and analyzed using the norms of legislation. According to the authors, belief in «God» is an individual inner relationship of a person to the supernatural. Therefore, by including this provision in the Basic Law of the State (Constitution), the legislator gives this sensible state a constitutional and legal status. As a result, this situation is discriminatory in relation to that part of the population who, in view of their conclusions, deny that they have the above-mentioned inner feeling for the supernatural. According to the authors, the inclusion of the mention of «faith» in «God» in the Constitution of the Russian Federation does not carry a general unifying value and ideological guideline for Russian society. In addition, the consolidation of this internal attitude towards the supernatural is alien to the positive nature of the Basic Law of the Russian Federation.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the practice of the Constitutional Court of the RF in the tax area. The article will provide examples of such practice. Every example will be considered in order to show the variety of tax norms in Constitutional Court’s practice. Conclusion of this article will contain the statements about the role of this body in tax relations in the Russian Federation. The purpose of this research paper is clarifying the role of the Constitutional Court’s acts in the regulation of tax relations in Russia, its impact on the system of tax law and its enforcement practice. The Constitutional Court has a very extensive tax disputes’ practice, a significant array of rulings issued as a result of its consideration, and rulings upon receipt of a complaint. The latter also sometimes contain significant legal positions of considerable interest. For this purpose, the work will consider a number of acts issued by the supreme body of constitutional control in the field of tax law. Making a conclusion within the scope of this article, it seems necessary to proceed from the main tasks and goals of the Constitutional Court, as well as the constitutional proceedings itself. The author comes to the conclusion that the Constitutional Court is entrusted with the most important tasks of protecting human and civil rights, as well as legal entities in the framework of tax relations, ensuring the supremacy and direct action of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in the tax area. As relations associated with the implementation of mandatory public-law payments, tax-legal relations should proceed from the initial inequality of the parties, so it is especially important to observe the constitutional rights of the taxpayer.

The article considers contractual designs aimed at transferring exclusive rights to industrial property. The problem of the contractual process was identified when concluding a contract on the transfer of a set of exclusive rights. Based on the study, a number of changes to Russian laws have been proposed. First of all, this applies to a commercial concession contract. The author proposes to amend the Civil Code of the Russian Federation by supplementing the article on commercial concession with the right of organizations that do not conduct commercial activities to conclude the same contracts on a general basis. The appropriateness of applying the classification of transactions into real and consensual ones in relation to this contract is justified. The peculiarities of transfer of the complex of exclusive rights to objects of industrial property with participation of social enterprises under the legislation of the Russian Federation are studied.

The purpose of the research. The article discusses the reasonableness of introducing into Russian law a new limited real property right to the land plot - the building right, proposed for adoption in the bill on the property law reform. Based on the analysis of the recent case law related to the lease for construction purposes, the author compares this institution with the new building right, examines the shortcomings of the lease and assesses how the building right, as it is drafted in the bill, may contribute to their elimination. The author also assesses the prospects for the property law reform and provides suggestions for possible revision of the regulation of the building right provided for in the bill. Results. Based on the results of the research, the author concludes that both the lease for construction purposes and the building right have certain drawbacks and need to be reformed. In this regard, at the moment the choice of the path of further development is in the legislator’s hands. When adopting a bill on the property law reform, the legislator is entitled to provide for an imperative transition from the currently used lease for construction purposes to the building right. At the same time, considering the opinion of practicing lawyers and representatives of the legal doctrine, it seems a more reasonable and balanced decision to leave the choice of the most optimal model for establishing rights to the land plot for construction purposes for the interested parties and provide for a transitional period to ensure smooth adaptation to new regulation.

Purpose of the research. The author examines a set of specific principles for the implementation of public financial control. The article makes an attempt to identify and systematize the entire variety of fundamental principles of control and supervisory activities, and also substantiates the need for their comprehensive and comprehensive nature, taking into account not only the activities of the control and supervisory authorities themselves in relation to the objects of control, but also within them. The author substantiates the unity of principles for the activities of all control and supervisory bodies, regardless of the type of financial legal relationship. The aim of the study is to determine and systematize the entire set of principles of public financial control, to propose their classification. Conclusions. The entire set of principles of public financial control, despite its fragmentation in the regulations governing the activities of control and supervisory bodies in various fields, is the same for all bodies and for all types of public financial control. The improvement of the activities of the subjects of control and supervisory activities, the development of information technologies led to the emergence of new principles related to the activities of control bodies: professional skepticism, dedication to risk-orientation, standardization. In order to increase the efficiency of the implementation of public control and supervisory activities, the introduction of ethical principles for officials of control and supervisory authorities is of particular importance.

The relevance of the topic is due to the need to update theoretical ideas about how to organize the fight against crime in the modern era. The reason for this is given by the new version of the Constitution of Russia. The purpose of the research is to define the modern concept of legal organization of crime prevention. Methodology: General scientific and private scientific research methods (deduction, induction, generalization, forecasting, modeling, comparison, etc.) were used. Conclusions: Significant changes in the organization of state power that occurred at the constitutional and legal level allow us to build new branch theoretical and legal structures. In contrast to previous developments, it is suggested that the basis of this legal organization is not criminal law, but criminal procedure. The criminal procedure organization for combating crime should be based on the Prosecutor's power, which is derived from the power of the President of Russia. The institution of prosecution, while maintaining its investigative form, should be attributed to the power of the Prosecutor. The Prosecutor, focusing all power on prosecution and public prosecution, should be interpreted by the procedural head of all law enforcement agencies that are legally obliged to counteract crime. Through a procedural and legal organization, the Prosecutor's office conducts criminal policy under the leadership of the President of the Russian Federation.

The purpose and objectives of this article are to analyze the Comprehensive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement from the point of view of international economic law. The Pacific Partnership Agreement is a comprehensive, detailed international legal instrument that regulates a wide range of economic relations between the participating entities. The norms of the Agreement are part of a large number of institutes of international law and its branch - international economic law; they serve as the basis for the formation of new elements of the system of international law. At the same time, under the influence of the Agreement, a certain international legal economic regime and the Law order have developed; rules for the functioning of free trade zones and free investment zones have been elaborated. As a result of the appearance and operation of the Agreement, along with other acts of a similar scale, there is a transition to a new stage of globalization - the establishment of direct links between the integration blocks. International legal awareness has prepared the necessary justifications and tools for linking various integration associations (partnerships) with each other. Methodological approach. The work uses general scientific methods, as well as the method of legal interpretation. Results and conclusions. The article concludes that within the framework of the law of economic integration, the formation of the main contour of international legal institutions has been completed, the improvement and development of these institutions, the emergence of new types of integration entities-partnerships, the new stage of integration-the stage of strengthening the relationships between the integration associations themselves through various channels, and the significant impact on the balance of power in the international (global) economic system, along with other factors, of the TPP Agreement. The originality and value of the work lies in the consideration of the TPP Agreement as the most important factor influencing the processes of economic integration and the development of international economic law.

Purpose: is to determine the conceptual framework for the participation of a specialist economist in legal proceedings. The methodology used in the study is based on regulatory analysis, questioning of procedural persons, analysis of the scientific and theoretical foundations and practical features of the problem of a specialist's participation in procedural actions. The result of the research: substantiated the relevance of using special economic knowledge not only in the form of forensic expertise, but also as a specialist attraction. The analysis of the procedural status of a specialist-economist in legal proceedings is presented. Novelty / originality / value consists in the development and justification of the tasks of a specialist participating in an operational-search activity in the form of preliminary research, reference and consulting activities of a specialist, as well as in the classification of specialists depending on special economic knowledge.

The purpose of the article is to study the methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of information systems of some EAEU member states in order to create and maintain a single information space. The analysis of the legal support of the state of information environments is carried out. Model. The study examined the experience of the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Belarus as member states of the EAEU in order to identify the degree of readiness of statistical systems, also examined the forms of statistical reporting and instructions for completing them, methodological recommendations and statistical publications containing methodological explanations. Findings. The formation of statistical data in accordance with international standards (recommendations) is a necessary condition for the inclusion of country indicators in the databases of leading international organizations. In the framework of this work, we analyzed the representation of indicators of the development of the digital economy of the EAEU member States in the information resources of the ITU, the World Bank, and UNCTAD. In the Russian Federation, the indicators that characterize the development of the digital economy infrastructure are formed according to the data of communication statistics developed according to the data of the federal statistical observation forms, among them: information on the development of telematics services and data transmission network services, information on the exchange (traffic) on telecommunications networks, information on the technical means of long-distance, intra-zone and international telephone communication, information on the technical means of local telephone networks, information on the coverage of the population by cable and terrestrial television and radio broadcasting, information about mobile communication networks, information about revenue from communication services. The article is based on the results of research carried out at the expense of the Scientific Fund of the Financial University.

The study is devoted to the review of the administrative-legal and organizational-legal regulation of personnel training for Customs activities, which acts as a subject of scientific interest. The methodological basis of the research consists in the application of general methods of cognition, such as methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, the method of an integrated approach and a systemic method. Also there were used special legal methods of cognition: the formal legal method, which is used to analyze legal structures and formulate legal definitions; comparative legal method, which is a sequential study and comparison of several similar objects. Study findings are: 1) the subjects of professional training of personnel for Customs activities are educational institutions of higher education and centres of additional professional education; 2) the purpose of professional training of personnel has been revealed; 3) It is necessary to take into account the general requirements and specific character of foreign economic activity, when organizing professional training of persons for Customs activities.

The purpose of the research is to analyze and evaluate the various forms of influence of the Constitutional Court on criminal proceedings, to assess the compliance of these forms with the provisions of the CPC, as well as to search for effective mechanisms that would allow the Constitutional Court to positively influence criminal procedure activities. Correcting the shortcomings of legal regulation and law enforcement practices will increase the level of ensuring the rights and legitimate interests of citizens in the criminal process of Russia. Results. The author comes to the conclusion that the CPC implements the principle of unconditional execution by Russia of the ECHR decisions, which is not consistent with the Constitution, the Federal Constitutional Law «On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation» and the legal positions reflected in a number of decisions of the Constitutional Court. Among the significant gaps in the legal regulation that need to be addressed, the author calls the following: there is no procedure for suspending the execution of an ECHR decision, in case of sending a request to the Constitutional Court about its constitutionality; the activities of the Chairman and the Presidium of the Supreme Court are not regulated when a decision of the ECHR reveals contradictions to the Constitution and the foundations of public law and order; the procedure for the actions of participants in criminal proceedings is not regulated if the Constitutional Court has ruled that the ECHR decision cannot be enforced. The author notes that in the light of the amendments to the Constitution, the current system of new circumstances entailing the resumption of criminal proceedings has become outdated and requires adjustment. In this connection, the article suggests a way to adjust it. Based on the analysis of law enforcement practice, the author comes to the conclusion that the Constitutional Court is quite formal in determining the degree of exhaustion of all means of domestic judicial protection in criminal cases.