Vol 17, No 1 (2020)

The article provides an analysis of risk factors, pathogenesis and its molecular features, morphology and clinical picture of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) - a rare aggressive neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of the skin with a high frequency of recurrence and local metastasis. Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment, including surgical treatment. Clinical cases of CM are given.

Recently the growth of dengue fever in both endemic and non-endemic regions of the disease was noticed. At present we don't know enough about the mechanism of the disease and its individual manifestations, so we need to study the issues of etiology, pathogenesis. In this regard, a literature analysis was conducted. It was shown that cell lines are used for identification, detection and development strategies for the creation of candidate vaccines against the dengue virus. The cell lines are often not inferior in sensitivity and rationality to the method of infection of laboratory animals. The review summarizes the recent experimental data about the use of cell lines as target cells to study different aspects of the dengue virus, we also noted their advantages and disadvantages.

The study revealed pathomorphological changes in the placenta in late preterm birth from 34 weeks to 36 weeks and 6 days. Late preterm birth is accompanied by morphostructural changes in the placental tissue, manifested by involutive-dystrophic changes, impaired maturation of chorionic villi as well as the presence of compensatory-adaptive reactions.

The virtual screening of RAGE inhibitory activity for 87 novel synthesized compounds of 10 structurally different chemical classes using neural network model on base of docking was carried out. According prediction, 26 potential active structures were found. By means of Microcosm ADMET system and online resources GUSAR, admetSAR, pkCSM and ProTox, the consensus estimation in silico of LD50 values for rats orally for 10 most prospective structures was performed and toxicity classes were determined. It was shown that all predicted compounds have been belonged to 4 toxicity class and are low toxic.

Changes in the atlanto-occipital complex were studied during the treatment of patients with dentoalveolar anomalies in Volgograd. The reason for this study was complaints in orthodontic patients for pain in the cervical spine and headaches. To identify pathology in the cervical lordosis when decoding the teleretgenogram of the head in lateral projection, additional research methods were carried out.

The technique of identification and quantitative determination definition of residual organic solvents in the original substance synthesized in FSBSI «Research Institute of Pharmacology named after V.V. Zakusov» on the basis of structure of the fourth loop of BDNF (GSB-106) is developed using method of gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) with static vapor-phase extraction. The developed conditions of analysis allowed to effectively divide chromatographic peaks of all organic solvents used in the course of synthesis and purification of substance at the last stages: methanol, pyridine, ethanol, acetic acid. The validation of the technique proved its specificity, linearity, correctness.

This article presents the results of the study of the immune status of the patients with inflammatory diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract depending on the presence of H. pylori infection and allergic rhinitis. A total of 65 patients aged 18 to 40 years were examined. The lymphocyte immunophenotype by CD markers, the level of IgM, IgA, IgG, circulating immune complexes, IL-4, IL-10, total IgE in serum were determined in all patients. It was revealed that the number of mature CD3+ lymphocytes increased while the number of CD22+ cells decreased in patients with H. pylori infection. In addition, the level of total IgE, IL-4, IL-10 in serum was reduced in this group of patients. The results of the study indicate that the presence of H. pylori infection in patients with allergic rhinitis is associated with a slightly different nature of immunological reactivity compared with monopathology (allergic rhinitis) and H. pylori-independent inflammatory diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

A study of allergenic properties of the developed dermatological film with liquid aloe extract and actovegin was conducted. The experiments were carried out by the method of cutaneous samples and by the method of epicutaneous sensitization in guinea pigs. The results were evaluated using the scale of S.V. Suvorov. As a result of the work done, allergenic properties have not been identified.

In order to assess the main indicators of peripheral blood and their correlation with risk factors (RF) by gender in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) stage III on the background of hypotensive therapy, 98 patients were examined. Among them, 45 men are the first group and 53 women are the second group. The method of survey, objective examination and analysis of laboratory studies were studied FR: age, duration of the disease, body mass index, blood lipid and glucose levels, glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The main indicators of peripheral blood were studied in patients: the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). It turned out that in men and women with stage III AH, RF have a multidirectional relationship with the main indicators of peripheral blood. A decrease in red blood cells and hemoglobin in men was observed with an increase in blood lipids. The decrease in GFR led to a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood. The ESR index increased with an increase in the lipid content in the blood. In women, with increasing age and seniority of the disease, there was a decrease in the number of red blood cells and the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood.

This work presents our experience of performing various x-ray surgical interventions in patients with malignant neoplasm, treated in the Volgograd Regional Oncology Center over a period of time from November 2017 until May 2019. Overall 448 port systems were installed for patients undergoing systemic chemotherapy, we implanted 10 cava filters, 32 external drainage of the bile ducts, 9 external-internal drainage of the bile ducts to patients with tumors of the hepatopancreatoduodenal zone were performed. Also, methods of chemoembolization of unresectable focal liver lesions and preoperative embolization of the portal vein branches were introduced.

The increase in the number of patients with diffuse liver diseases, the lack of efficacy from conservative treatments that produce long-lasting and stable outcomes, contribute to the search for alternative treatments. The goal is to assess the effectiveness of using autologous mesenchymal stem cells in treating patients with diffuse liver disease. Materials and methods: the study involved 2 groups of patients of 20 people each. The main group included patients who used autologous mesenchymal stem cells (20-25 million) introduced into the vascular liver channel as therapy. The control group included patients who were treated with L-ornithine-L-aspartate 1 package 3 times a day for 30 days. Benchmarks for evaluation of treatment effectiveness were determined 1, 3 and 6 months after the therapy. Results: in the main group, 3 months after treatment, a normalization of platelet levels was observed, whereas in the control group, platelets did not reach normal values and 6 months after treatment. 1 month after treatment, hepatic enzyme levels were normalized in the main group. The result was maintained 6 months after treatment. In the control group, the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) was above normal throughout the observation; the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) normalized to 3 months after treatment and then exceeded normal levels again 6 months from the start of therapy. The functional state of the liver according to the results of the lidocaine test at 6 months after treatment was normalized in 70 % of patients of the main group and in 25 % of patients of the control group. Manifestations of encephalopathy regressed in 65 % of patients in the main group and in 10 % of the control group. After 6 months of treatment, patients with low and reduced level of subjective comfort were absent in the main group, while in the control group such patients were 45 and 35 %, respectively. No complications have been identified against the background of the use of cellular technologies. Findings: the use of cellular technologies is an effective and safe way to treat patients with diffuse liver disease. Continuing research in this direction in the future will help to create algorithms for the use of stem cells in the treatment of patients with diffuse liver diseases.

The effect of course intragastric administration of gamma-aminobutyric acid derivatives (GABA) such as succicard 22 mg/kg, salifen 7,5 mg/kg, phenibut 25 mg/kg and comparison of drug pantogam 50 mg on the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the plasma of offspring at the age of 8, 14 and 20 months, who was born from rats with experimental preeclampsia (EP), was studied. EP has decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased concentration of lipid peroxidation products in offspring from females with EP in long periods of ontogenesis (8, 14 and 20 months). The GABA derivatives administration from 40 to 70 days of life to the progeny from rats with EP has decreased MDA level in animals at the age of 8 months treated with salifen, in 14 months - in those receiving succicard and comparison of drug pantogam, in 20 months - pantogam. In addition, the activity of SOD has increased at the age of 14 months in rats, which were treated by succicard, salifen, phenibut, and pantogam, and at 8 and 20 months in those receiving pantogam. An increase in catalase activity was observed at the age of 8 months in the offspring who were treated with phenibut and salifen, at 14 months - who received succicard.

Currently, thyroid gland diseases (TG) are in second place among other diseases of the endocrine system and the need for surgical interventions is increasing. Therefore the purpose of article is the analysis of the immediate and long-term results of surgical treatment of focal pathology of a thyroid gland. To a basis of work it is provided 10 - summer experience of BIH UR «Republican Clinical Diagnostic Center of Public Health Ministry of the Udmurt Republic». For characteristic of clinical material and studying of structure of nodal thyroid diseases stories of diseases and data of histologic researches of drugs TG of 623 patients were analysed. At various formations of a thyroid gland operations were carried out on the immediate and long-term results are analysed. In good-quality and malignancies of a thyroid gland specific indicators of local pulse and not pulse optical density are found. They define effective surgical tactics, indications to different types of an operative measure, promote prevention of a recurrence and complications in the next and remote postoperative the periods. The immediate and long-term results of treatment depend on the choice of an operative measure, timely diagnostics and also on recovery treatment after operation. When using in the presurgical period of the local optosonografichesky monitoring of focal pathology of a thyroid gland of bleedings, a necrosis of fabrics, iatrogenic complications and intraoperative damages of vessels, a recurrence offered and developed by us, lethality was not.

Objective. To study the carriage structure of human papillomavirus (HPV) in patients of reproductive age with mild cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Subject and methods. A retrospective analysis of 396 medical records of patients of reproductive age with morphologically verified CIN I was performed. All patients underwent qualitative and quantitative genotyping for 21 types of HPV using the real-timepolymerase chain reaction. Results. It was found that among HPV high carcinogenic risk (HCR), the prevailing type: 16 type (47,5 %), 18 type (22,5 %), 31 type (16,7 %) and 51 type (16,9 %), and among low oncogenic - 6 type (8,3 %) and type 11 (6,1 %). When assessing the distribution of patients with CIN I by the number of simultaneously detected types of HPV, it was noted that in the vast majority of cases (55,8 %) one type was diagnosed, every fourth examined (25,5 %) found two types of HPV. At the same time, the largest proportion of women with morphologically confirmed CIN I, associated with two or more types of HPV, falls on the age group of 18-25 years. Conclusion. The revealed features of the frequency of occurrence of HPV HCR in patients of reproductive age of the Volgograd region should be taken into account when conducting cervical screening for the prevention of CIN.

It was noted that the reference standards for pupil diameter, amplitude, time and speed parameters of pupil reactions in practically healthy people (889 men and 1103 women, aged from 20 to 70 years), who underwent planned medical examinations on the certified digital automated binocular pupillometric complex KSRZRts-01, showed age dynamics. With age, both the pupil diameter and the amplitude and speed of the pupil reaction decreased. The development of reference standards for pupil diameter and a complex of pupillometry parameters, including their age dynamics, is necessary for the analysis of pupillometry data in the practice of periodic occupational health examinations, neurology, occupational pathology, sports medicine, and narcology to assess the functional state of the autonomic nervous system.

The pathogenesis of preeclampsia is polyetiologic and not fully understood. One of the leading theories of pathogenesis is the theory of oxidative stress. Accordingly, the search for new drugs with antioxidant and antihypoxic effects is promising for the prevention and treatment of preeclampsia. Methods. The experiment was performed on 140 female white rats of Wistar strain weighing 250-300 g. The studied substances were administered within 7 days from 14 to 21 days of pregnancy. On the 21st day of pregnancy, functional tests were conducted. Results. Administration of 3-oxypiridine derivates in animals causes the expressed correction of pathological changes in experimental ADMA-like preeclampsia. There was a significant rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively, the improvement of microcirculation in the placenta, restoration of endothelium NO-synthesis function, proteinuria reduction. Conclusion. The results of this study prove the future outlook of the use of 3-oxypiridine derivates for correction of functional changes in preeclampsia and substantiate the reasonability of further research in this direction.

Vitamin D is an important prehormone which deficiency is recognized as a pandemic with many adverse effects on human health at the beginning of intrauterine development period. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with placental insufficiency, fetal growth retardation syndrome, miscarriage, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, low birth weight, increasing of autoimmune diseases. A study of pretenatal provision of vitamin D in newborns in the Volgograd region has not been carried out yet. Materials and methods: the 25(OH)D levels in the umbilical cord blood serum of 118 newborns was performed, then babies were randomized to 2 groups depending on their gestational age: the 1st group included preterm infants of gestational age from 24 to 36 weeks (n = 52); the 2nd group contained full-term newborns born from 37 to 41 weeks (n = 66). The analysis of socio-demographic and medical indicators characterizing the course of the prenatal period of a child's life was carried out. Pathomorphological features of the placenta and umbilical cord were compared according to pathological and morphometric data in the studied groups. Results: the proportion of premature babies with a 25(OH)D deficit is significantly higher than that of full-term babies (69,2 and 38,2 %, respectively, p < 0,001). Significant differences were found in the group of preterm infants in compare to full-term ones due to: gestational age, low Apgar score; low birth weight and body length, fetus-placental insufficiency and umbilical cord abnormalities (p < 0,05). Conclusions: the study showed the dependence of 25(OH)D deficiency on umbilical cord blood on gestational age, low birth weight and body length, low Apgar score, fetus-placental insufficiency, umbilical cord disease, maternal arterial hypertension during pregnancy. Further study of the predisposition to low prenatal provision of vitamin D in newborns babies in the Volgograd region is necessary.

The paper analyzed a severe clinical case of West Nile fever in a patient of senile age, characterized by an extremely severe and long course with prolonged intoxication, the development of the picture of meningoencephalitis, edema and swelling of the brain and multiorgan insufficiency.

Peptide drugs deltalicin and semax having antioxidant, antihypoxic, membranostabilizing action, may act as potential vasoprotectors, that's why the investigation of their influence on the antithrobotic properties of endothelium is actual. Deltalicin at the dose 100 mcg/kg, semax at the dose 200 mcg/kg, sulodexid at the dose 30 ULR and their combinations were injected to the rats with experimental streptozotocin diabetes. It was established that the administration of deltalicin and sulodexid increases the prothrombin time, thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and decreases the concentration of fibrinogen in the plasm. There were no significant differences in the effects of deltalicin and sulodexid, and semax didn't influence the coagulation indices. The most correcting action has been shown after the injection of deltalicin and sulodexid combination.

Biorhythmological features and parameters of vegetative status of morning chronotype operators demonstrate a significant mutual influence. In particular, the value of cardiorespiratory ratio and final result of Ostberg - Stepanova test have a strong direct correlation (rs = 0,754), which represents high ability to adapt to stress in clearly defined «larks». Microhemodynamic parameters for morning and evening chronotype operators also have a pronounced biorhythmological determination. Clearly defined «larks» are characterized by a decrease in the contribution of the cardiac compensatory mechanism to the promotion of blood through the capillaries. At the same time, weakly defined «owls» have higher frequency values in the vasomotor and endothelial spectra.

The method of identification and quantitative determination of capillin content in essential oil from the herb of Artemisia scoparia has been developed and validated. The method of chromatography in a thin layer of a sorbent with densitometric registration of analytical signal is applied. For the experiment, the essential oil of Artemisia scoparia obtained by hydrodistillation was used. Digital analysis of chromatograms was performed using the program «Videodensitometr Sorbfil». For chromatography used plates of the brand «Sorbfil» PTSX-P-A-UV, mobile phase-hexane-ethyl acetate (9:1). In daylight, four different intensity yellow spots appear on the chromatogram. Identified: capillol (Rf 0,29), capilline (Rf 0,61), capillen (Rf 0,80). Their content in the essential oil, as determined by the method of internal normalization in the experiment, is: capillol - 20,6 %, capilline - 47,8 %, capillen - 26,1 %. Validation of methodology was carried out according to its specificity (Rf capillina corresponds to Rf standard sample); sensitivity - limit of detection (PO = 13.7 mkg), the quantification limit (PKO = 41.6 mkg); linearity (the regression equation has the form: S = 1,1 103 m); the correctness of the method «introduced-found» (Хср = 103,7 %; Х = 9,1 %; RSD % = 9,9 %; Е = 8,8 %); precisionist on 6 samples analyte (Хср = 9,65 %; Х = 1,00 %; RSD % = 9,9 %; Е = 10,4 %).The method is planned to be used to control the quality of the medicinal plant and to study the variability of capillin content in the samples of essential oil from the herb of Artemisia scoparia of different geographical origin.

Modern ideas about the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, principles of diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis are presented. An analysis of their own clinical observation is described.