卷 14, 编号 4 (2021)

The article is devoted to the results of the activities of law enforcement agencies of the constituent entities of the North Caucasian Federal District, where the threat of destabilization of socio-political and economic development continues to remain. The purpose of the study is to examine the content of the activities of law enforcement agencies in the region against the background of the genesis of extremist activity of destructive groups and the transformation of ongoing "peaceful" protests, to commit - in the process of mass rallies, violent actions against police officers and citizens who do not support their views and calls to "change of the ruling power". Conclusions. Based on the above analysis of the activities of the law enforcement agencies of the North Caucasian Federal District, it can be stated that the main priority areas of the activities of the internal affairs bodies in order to reduce the negative impact of destructive organizations in the media and the Internet, as well as reduce the protest potential of the population are: 1) implementation on an ongoing basis of comprehensive propaganda and preventive measures among the population of the subjects of the North Caucasian Federal District with the involvement of authoritative public, religious and national leaders to explain the consequences of the rally activities of organizations of a destructive nature; 2) conducting intensive monitoring of the Internet in order to identify provocative, including "fake" information, contributing to the escalation of the level of social tension and disruption of public order, with high-quality documentation of the illegal activities of the authors of such messages and bringing them to justice; 3) protecting the information space from the dissemination of provocative materials by immediately publishing refutations, as well as sending materials to the authorized agencies as soon as possible to block resources containing such information; 4) immediate notification of the population by the press services of the Ministries of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the subjects of the North Caucasian Federal District of each case of detention of persons, with the most detailed description of all the circumstances that served as the basis for restricting their freedom of movement, in order to avoid spreading rumors.

The author in the article considers informational counteraction to terrorist activities as a factor in countering crime in the fight against terrorist entities to protect the state and social system, as well as the rights and freedoms of citizens. The article analyses the legal and regulatory framework governing the designation of responsibility for terrorist activities and acts of an aiding nature, as well as scientific publications and statistics in the field of criminal legal activities. The purpose of the work was to study aspects of terrorist activities and the main tasks of information counteraction as a factor in countering crime. The analysis of the concept and signs of terrorism makes it possible to determine the main features of this category of crimes through the prism of studying methods of information counteraction, which make it possible to assess the trends in the development of criminal manifestations. The peculiarities of information counteraction to terrorist activity are the determination of the main signs of terrorism, which are the factors that make up the crimes, it is the signs of terrorist activity that form the main tasks of counteracting crimes of this category. The author of the article identifies the main goals and objectives of information counteraction of terrorist activities, which form the system of protection of society and the state from criminal attacks. The analysis of the tasks of information counteraction allows us to conclude that it is necessary to comply with preventive measures to combat terrorist activities with a change in public relations in the field of informatization. The author concluded the importance of information counteraction to terrorist activities as a factor in countering crime at the modern stage of the development of state and public relations, ensuring the security of society and the state.

The purpose of this study was to study the factors of the spread of youth extremism in the context of the transforming Russian realities. The development of information and communication technologies and the processes taking place in the State, which have an adverse impact on the social and economic situation of citizens, were among the main factors in the spread of this phenomenon. The objectives of the study are to analyze the causes of youth extremism. The study looked at factors such as the economic crises that have plagued Russia since the collapse of the Soviet Union, which naturally encourages young people to find a wide variety of ways of earning, most often illegal; social factors; family relationships; the predominance of material values over spiritual ones. Conclusions: in order to solve the problem of the spread of youth extremism, the state must implement a policy of counteraction in several directions. It is necessary to support parents who, due to the unstable economic situation in the country, devote most of their time not to raising children, but to earning money for family support. It is necessary to develop new methods of patriotic education of children, based on love for their homeland and the focus of their thinking on strengthening the country's influence on the world stage. Law enforcement agencies must prevent and eradicate extremism. Further training of teachers and teachers is also necessary to teach them how to eradicate extremist behaviour among young children at the primary level. Extremism is the biggest problem of the 21st century, not only in Russia, but throughout the world. It was imperative to join forces with other countries in addressing the problem. In this case, the time for finding solutions will be reduced, and their effectiveness will increase several times.

The purpose of the study was to examine globalization processes in the context of the spread of information extremism and terrorism. Extremism and terrorism, as a negative social phenomenon, are an inevitable companion of any developed state. Differences in people's worldviews and values are a stumbling block and are a good ground for promoting extremist and terrorist ideas. The consequence of these changes in the world community was political instability, which led to the growth of information extremism and terrorism. The objectives of the study are to analyze the causes of information extremism and terrorism. In our study, we tried to uncover the essence of information extremism and terrorism, which has become widespread in global space and broadcasts radical ideologies that call for aggressive forms of behavior, communication and confrontation, while justifying the crimes and terrorist attacks committed, positioning them as the only effective in the circumstances. Conclusions: We have established that globalization has become an enabling environment for the promotion of extremism and terrorism in the global media space. Information extremism and terrorism have become a direct product of globalization. The desire to wage an information war became the driving force in the search for points of "vulnerability" of mass consciousness, as a result of which the problem of information extremism was updated. Moreover, its concentration and activity are much higher where there is no healthy statehood. We also came to the conclusion that the scale of information extremism and terrorism was due to globalization processes, which exacerbated the economic, political and social confrontation along the North-South axis. Hence, extremism and terrorism have become widespread throughout the world and can almost freely increase the number of their followers.

The purpose of this study was to study the factors motivating the spread and instillation of the ideology of terrorism and extremism in the global media space, which is attractive to adherents of extreme views with its accessibility, weak control by the state and law enforcement agencies, anonymity, as well as almost unlimited access to a wide range of users. The objectives of the study are to analyze the causes of extremism and terrorism in the global media space. At the present stage, humanity has entered a new era - the era of globalization and informatization, and people have increasingly been subjected to the forced imposition of the ideology of extremism and terrorism. The goals of extremist-terrorist organizations in the global space were to popularize their ideas and actions, create an atmosphere of fear and intimidation, misinformation and recruit new members to their ranks. Conclusions: We found that the beginning of globalization was marked by the faith of people in the development of a harmonious and just world order, where everyone will be in wealth and well-being. However, very soon it became clear that there was no miracle to wait for and globalization did not bring any positive changes to ordinary people. Once again, large and developed states and corporations that have established their own world order have won. Another crisis rained down. It was he who provoked the penetration of extremist and terrorist manifestations into a wide audience, mainly through a global network. Globalization, which has gone down the path of erasing national-cultural boundaries, has met with resistance from ethnic groups, which in the most negative aspect have shown intolerance towards other nationalities, races and religions. So, a large number of people have become adherents of extremist and terrorist ideology.

The purpose of this study was to study the factors that determine the moral recovery of young people in the process of forming anti-terrorist behavior. In this study, we examined the moral education of modern youth, which served as the main reason for their involvement in extremist ideology. In general, the moral education of young people is currently in decline. There are many reasons for the decline, and in this study we identified one of the most global ones, on which special emphasis must be placed to eradicate extremism - the lack of an institution for educating young people as such. The objectives of the study are to analyze the causes of youth extremism. The lack or lack of moral education is the root cause of such a colossal spread of extremist beliefs. Such people are most often sought by recruiters, since they can easily be convinced that extremism is not harmful, but on the contrary, this belief is the only right one. Also, young people experiencing financial or psychological problems fall under the sight of agitators. Conclusions: The problem of moral education is so acute that you can no longer close your eyes and let everything go to gravity. It is necessary, by combining the efforts of state and law enforcement agencies and local self-government bodies, to support families and educational organizations in the cultural and moral education of the younger generation. Children our future and once it will depend on them the fate of our Motherland, therefore, and we cannot afford to entrust the fate of our Fatherland to immoral people.

The purpose of this study was to study the effect of physical fitness on the firing technique, which, as you know, consists of four components: making, grabbing weapons, aiming and lowering a trigger. And in order to learn the skills of good and effective shooting, a constant training is necessary, which is carried out with students in physical and fire training classes within the walls of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The tasks of the study are to analyze the reasons for the formation of effective shooting skills. One of these key factors is the physical fitness of the shooter, which ensures the constant improvement of forms and methods for optimizing the quality of shooting. And the main problem that beginners face is blind adherence to instructions, that is, lack of autonomy. The main goal of training sessions with students is to educate them with courage, determination, initiative and resourcefulness in the formation of shooting techniques. Conclusions: we have established that when developing shooting skills, listeners are subjected to great physical and mental stress. In order to raise and hold the weapon in the position of manufacture, listeners require a high level of power stamina and stamina to static forces, which are one of the main motor qualities of the shooter, in whose activities there are all known types of fatigue: mental, sensory, emotional and physical. And by organizing training sessions with students, the training process must be built in accordance with the general patterns of training, the effectiveness of which depends on the experience acquired earlier. The focus of the physical training of shooters is to solve the problems of training - the confident and competent use of formed motor skills and shooting techniques, as well as improving the level and skill achieved.

The purpose of this study was the place and role of physical training in the formation of anti-extremist consciousness and legal consciousness of the person. As you know, the phenomenon of extremism has become widespread on the Internet, whose users are mostly young people, who are beginning to get carried away with its ideas. The tasks of the study are to analyze the place and role of physical fitness in the formation of anti-extremist consciousness and legal consciousness of the person. Every year, the scale of youth fascination with extremist ideologies grows to a greater extent. And the reasons for this negative aspect should be mentioned: social inequality, the desire to assert themselves in the society of peers and adults, insufficient social formation, unsatisfactory professional and life status. The development of extremism is also facilitated by the interaction of the socio-political, economic and spiritual spheres of public life. The increase in the number of extremist crimes committed by adolescents gives us the right to claim that they constitute the most criminal layer of society and the main force of extremist associations. Conclusions: the future of the younger generation depends on the degree of interest in proper physical and psychological education. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to use all the levers of influence and a greater emphasis in this direction must be placed on physical training and achievement of physical perfection. The popularization of physical training and the achievement of physical perfection should "drag" young people away from their passion for destructive ideologies, which is an important aspect in solving the problem of the development of extremist consciousness. By instilling the right cultural development in young people through sports in the most popular sports, deviant behavior can be avoided, as well as passion for extremist ideas, as well as alcohol and substance abuse.

The purpose of this study was to study the issues of training of internal affairs officers and improving their professionally significant motor skills, which puzzle many researchers and specialists. This problem is especially relevant in the light of the transforming crime and crime, which, with almost all modern technical means in its arsenal, does not hesitate to use cold and firearms in confrontation with employees. The tasks of the study are to analyze the reasons for the improvement of professionally significant motor skills of students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the process of physical training. Studying the goals of learning, we note in this study that an important condition here is the observance of the principle of interaction with life, when the main emphasis is on professional specificity, and the results of training are checked by the level of education in solving vocational tasks. In the process of improving motor skills, the main focus of the discipline "Physical training" is to achieve such a level of physical development, coordination and psychological stability that will ensure the improvement of personal qualities, including determination, confidence, initiative and the ability to act in extreme, dangerous and non-standard situations. Conclusions: summarizing that the physical training of students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is aimed at developing and improving professionally significant skills that contribute to the successful fulfillment of the tasks of the service, it should be remembered that the training process should be based on the principles of continuity, integrity and personal-oriented development. The training process aimed at improving professional motor skills of students is aimed at operational and official activities performed in conditions of high physical and psychological loads.

The purpose of this study was to study the application and improvement of interactive forms of training in physical training classes with students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. In this study, we looked at highly popular interactive forms of learning. These are computer training programs, the work of which is built on-line (between students and teachers), students are given a certain task for an independent solution and smart gadgets - fitness trackers and mobile applications, which act as an excellent motivator for those who periodically miss one or two classes. Among the main functions that these devices and devices have are: counting the number of steps, counting the distance traveled; counting burned calories; pulse measurement; measuring sleep duration and quality. The tasks of the study are to analyze the reasons for the improvement of interactive forms of training in physical training classes with students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Conclusions: The development of the Physical Training curriculum should be based on a systematic approach. Its implementation is based on profiling classes in the context of specialized operational, service and combat activities of employees of internal affairs bodies, which most fully ensures the improvement of applied motor skills and skills in the contingent of trainees. As a result, the efficiency of training is increased, which is based on improving the educational process by solving didactic problems. The solution of didactic tasks is aimed at formation of certain qualities and personality properties among the listeners, taking into account the fact that in the service environment they often face the need to use physical force and combat techniques of wrestling.

The purpose of this study was to study the causes of cyber fraud and ways to counter it. Today in the global space there are many different threats - from hacker attacks to sophisticated fraudulent schemes. Cyber bullying is now a popular phenomenon and is widespread. The Internet space attracts criminal elements to commit illegal acts by its anonymity, accessibility, speed, and cross-border. According to experts, global cyber fraud schemes have caused huge damage to people and companies around the world and according to forecasts, their number will only increase in the coming years. This is especially true for financial crimes. The tasks of the study are to analyze the causes of the phenomenon favorable to the spread of this phenomenon. Thus, the improvement of global space has made it an enabling environment for fraudulent transactions. In part, there is the fault of the users of the global network themselves, who uncontrollably post personal information to their relatives and loved ones, thereby creating fertile ground for the theft of personal data, money and blackmail by fraudsters. People readily answer phone calls from banking and financial scammers, report their bank card data, install suspicious applications on smart phones, issue credit products in mobile applications, etc. Conclusions: we have established that the development of information technologies inevitably leads to the emergence of many new types of offenses, in particular cyber fraud, for the confrontation with which it is necessary to search for measures and relevant measures aimed at protecting personal data.

The purpose of this study was to study the globalization processes that led to the emergence and development of cyber terrorism. Globalization marked a rapid increase in technological progress, which affected all spheres of human life and increased the dependence of society on the stable and reliable operation of information and telecommunications systems. The improvement of the Internet has predetermined the emergence of new communication opportunities and the development of the world community on the basis of a single socio-economic space - the main product of globalization. The tasks of the study are to analyze the causes of cyber terrorism favorable to the spread. In our study, we revealed the essence of cyber terrorism as one of the destructive types of modern weapons - nuclear, chemical, bacteriological. Today, cyber terrorism has reached such a progressive level when criminals have the ability to interfere with data, interfere with the system, illegal interception and illegal access. Computer fraudsters have almost unlimited opportunities to communicate and share experience in the global space. Thus, we have determined that advances in high technology are a resource base for expanding the scope of cyber terrorism. High achievements, facilitating the daily life of people on the one hand, have created problems, the main of which is cyber terrorism, requiring a special solution, on the other hand. Conclusions: We have established that globalization has become an enabling environment for the promotion of cyberterrorism. And the scale to which it has grown is alarming for law enforcement agencies of almost all states. To achieve significant results in countering this phenomenon, it is necessary to unite the efforts of the leading States of the world, because in a single country effective regulation of cyberspace at the legislative level in a globalized information space is impossible, from which it follows that law-making should be carried out within the framework of international law.

The purpose of this article is to summarize the changes made to the criminal legislation and substantiate the need for criminal legal correction of some institutions of pre-trial proceedings. To solve this problem, on the basis of the list of amendments to criminal legislation given in the work, a comparative legal analysis of the definitions used is carried out, the impact of these changes on pre-trial criminal proceedings. In an effort to ensure the legality of decisions taken at the stage of initiation of a criminal case, the legislator has extended the possibility of bringing persons who may oppose the investigation to justice at the stage of initiating a criminal case. The presented article examines the influence of the norms of criminal law on the criminal procedural institutions of participation of an expert, specialist, witness and translator. It is noted that the exact application of Art. 307 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation can significantly change the criminal process, ensuring the collection of admissible evidence even before the initiation of a criminal case. The conclusion is made about the need for a preliminary comprehensive assessment of the provisions of criminal and criminal procedure law and the consequences of their changes and the inclusion in the content of Art. 307 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation includes three independent groups of information: the first of which is formed by information emanating from persons: conclusion and testimony of an expert, testimony of a witness and testimony of a victim; the second - the testimony of a specialist and the third - a knowingly false translation. The results of such a generalization can be used in the practical activities of the preliminary investigation bodies, for further theoretical research, the preparation of scientific papers and for solving practical problems in the field of criminal proceedings in standard and special conditions.

Weapons circulation in the Russian state is carried out on the basis of clearly established legislative requirements and is ensured within the framework of the activities of a number of competent authorities, including law enforcement. The licensing and permitting procedure provided for this area provides for the constant interaction of the competent authorities with the owners of weapons. However, despite the long existence of the relevant practice of interaction in this area, there is currently an urgent need to assess its effectiveness, taking into account the existing legal and social realities, which are manifested in the large-scale spread of criminal behavior using weapons acquired legally. This problem is relevant for most states of the world, in connection with which it is currently necessary to assess the risks associated with the implementation of legislative requirements in the field of weapons circulation within the legal system of each specific state. The purpose of writing this study is to analyze the current aspects of the implementation of the rules of weapons circulation in the Russian Federation, to identify the need to tighten the rules and to determine the most promising options for these changes. The author comes to the conclusion that, despite the existence of a number of requirements for the acquisition of weapons and further possession of them, the increasing number of crimes committed with weapons, and primarily with firearms, testifies to the ineffectiveness of the measures of state influence used in Russia in this area. Attention is focused on the need to increase the age for possession of a weapon, to increase the number and change in the quality of medical examinations of weapon owners, as well as to eliminate certain vulnerabilities in the registration of certain types of weapons. It is proposed to pay special attention to control over the circulation of civilian weapons.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the problem of credit card fraud. As you know, the emergence of bank cards and the possibility of using them using smartphones, smartwatches and other gadgets have simplified the process of buying and transferring funds between the buyer and the seller. However, their use also made their savings vulnerable to fraudsters. Thus, the emergence of new methods of fraud required timely and adequate legislative initiative. In particular, the timely response of the legislator was the introduction of article (159.1-159.6) specifying fraud in criminal law. The tasks of the study are to analyze the problems of investigating crimes of bank card fraud. This is due to the fact that such a phenomenon appeared relatively recently, and all methods of committing crimes have not yet been studied in order to develop methods to suppress the activities of fraudsters. Of course, all this poses to law enforcement officers the difficult task of identifying and investigating such crimes. And here an important skill for them is the ability to analyze the actions of fraudsters. And for this, they must have the necessary arsenal of knowledge that will help in a deep analysis of the actions of the fraudster, drawing up his psychological portrait, understanding exactly how the offender managed to seize the data of the map in order to prevent the commission of such crimes in the future. Conclusions: we have established that the problem of card fraud is very relevant today. There are a great many methods of fraud that law enforcement is not yet aware of. That is why it is necessary to find methods to counter fraudsters as soon as possible, since the scale of crimes can go beyond reasonable.

The article deals with the principles of criminal legislation, which are fundamental for the entire criminal legislation. The author pays the greatest attention to the principle of legality, the principle of the administration of justice only by the court, the inviolability of the individual, the principles on which the interaction of states in peacetime and wartime is carried out, etc. The article also reveals the main problems of their implementation. The author emphasizes that the crime is a dangerous act prohibited by the criminal legislation, which entails criminal punishment. The article examines the main tasks of criminal law, such as: protection of citizens from dangerous crimes, protection of their rights of citizens; prevention of crimes - the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and emphasizes that its effect extends throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, whether it is land, water or air space. The article also reveals the concept and place of extradition in criminal law, as a system of transferring a person to the State in whose territory he is located, for the purpose of bringing him to criminal responsibility or for carrying out a sentence. The main attention is paid to the principles of criminal law themselves, and their significance for society as a whole. The author emphasizes that there are often difficulties in organizing measures to combat criminal offenses due to their insufficient legal development and the need to amend the current legislation becomes more and more urgent over time. One of the fundamental principles of building the criminal policy of Russia is the observance of the principles of criminal law. An integral feature of legislative bodies is the obligation to comply with the principles of criminal law. The author believes that within the framework of one article it is impossible to cover all the global problems of this issue and highlight all the inaccuracies of the legislative regulation of criminal law, but still in this scientific work an attempt is made to consider the basic principles of criminal law all the principles and identify ways to eliminate their shortcomings.

The article reveals the history of the Constitutional Court, its legal powers, and the procedure for citizens to apply to the Constitutional Court. The author considers the problems in the legal regulation of the state and judicial bodies of the country. The author emphasizes the importance of protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens as one of the most important tasks of the state, and constitutional control is the most effective way to protect violated human rights. The article also emphasizes that the Constitutional Court may initiate legal proceedings only upon the existence of an appeal by citizens or their associations, but not on its own initiative. The Constitution establishes the rule of law, the equality of all before it, the need to respect the rights of every citizen of the country, and the desire for justice. Thanks to the well-coordinated work of the Constitutional Court, all the laws of the state are checked for their compliance with the Constitution, starting from the main normative acts, ending with the normative acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation and municipalities. To apply to the Constitutional Court, it is necessary to have a well-founded complaint regarding the infringement of the right and the complaint must be filed before the execution of one year after its consideration in a court of other instances. If certain provisions of the law are found to be contrary to the Constitution, the case is reviewed in the usual manner. At the same time, citizens or their associations have the right to expect reimbursement of expenses, i.e. payment of state duties, travel or accommodation expenses, lawyers ' fees, postage. Also, a citizen of the Russian Federation has the right to claim compensation for the loss of his time due to the violation of his rights. The article also refers to the combination of formal and material control in the activities of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The impartiality of the Constitutional Court is a lever for the development of the legislation of the Russian Federation at the level of the subject of the Russian Federation and at the federal level, influencing the democratic structure of the state, human rights and freedoms. In disciplining the legislator in the adoption of laws, constitutional justice is of great importance. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation checks constitutional acts, considers complaints about violated rights of citizens. It consists of the Chairman of the Constitutional Court and his deputies.

The purpose of the research. The article examines the legal nature of local self-government as one of the levels of public power. The Constitution of the Russian Federation proclaimed the autonomy of local authorities from state administration bodies. Such a characteristic in the constitutional norms testifies to the essential specificity of this activity and the social nature of local self-government. The purpose of the study is to determine the legal nature of local self-government on the basis of the legal status enshrined at the constitutional level, in the current legislation and judicial practice, as well as in scientific research. Results. As a result of the conducted research, the authors come to the conclusion about the state nature of the legal nature of local self-government. The constitutional reforms of 2020 allowed local self-government to strengthen its legal position as part of a joint system of public power with state bodies. The municipal government is accountable to the State administration bodies, whose capabilities have recently expanded to interfere in the organization and functioning of local self-government. The authors believe that in the future this will entail the formation of a vector of strengthening state control in the interaction of federal, regional on the one hand and local government institutions on the other.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the right to life and related legal categories enshrined in the legislation of the Russian Federation, in particular, the legal fact that gives rise to the right to life, the legal basis for abortion, cloning, euthanasia, suicide, the death penalty, as well as the moment which is associated with the termination of human life and, consequently, the right to life. The result of this study is the conclusion that the right to life in the Russian Federation, despite its fundamental nature, cannot be called detailed. The content of the right to life is determined by each researcher independently, because the legislator has not been clearly established which regulations should be perceived as constituent parts of the right to life. As a result, there are two approaches to understanding the right to life. According to the first point of view, a person is perceived exclusively as a biological being, therefore, the content of the right to life concerns only the issues of his biological existence. According to the second point of view, a human is considered a separate person, therefore, not only the biological existence of a person is important, but also the socio-economic aspects of his life. At the same time, the categories related to the right to life contain inaccuracies or gaps in the legal regulation. In particular, in the Russian Federation, there is no specificity in the issue of legal recognition of the moment of the beginning of a person's life, state policy regarding abortion; provisions related to the death penalty, cloning, euthanasia, suicides, etc. are controversial.

The purpose of writing a research work is to disclose the content of the definition of "environmental well-being" as an object of legal support in foreign and Russian law enforcement practice and to develop, on this theoretical basis, scientific and practical recommendations for improving legislation in the field under study. The article examines the differences in foreign and Russian approaches to assessing environmental well-being, identifies their advantages and disadvantages. Conclusions. The study reveals that at present, in foreign practice, the need to ensure social and environmental well-being begins to be taken into account when calculating the indices of "happiness", taking into account the environmental component, at the highest level: ministries are established, the index is determined, which is taken into account in social and economic development. It is substantiated that GDP, which is the basic Russian indicator, even taking into account the "human development index" (HDI), is currently not able to objectively assess the dynamics of the socio-ecological well-being of the population, the degree of progress of a sustainable society. Taking into account the positive foreign experience, it is concluded that it is advisable to supplement it in the regulatory documents on the analysis and forecasting of socio-economic development with an alternative indicator - the "indicator of socio-economic well-being (genuine progress)", developed on the basis of the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) methodology. A number of specific scientific and practical recommendations are formulated to improve legislation in the field under study, in particular, to legalize the definition of "environmental well-being"; clarification of the definition of "state regulation of regional development", its goals, objectives, focusing on the focus of this impact not only "on improving the quality and living standards", but also on the "environmental well-being" of the population.

In the modern world of computer development and progress, a person quickly adapts to a changing environment. The dynamics and diversity of modern technologies also contribute to the early development of children. At the same time, within the framework of the administrative field, minors are responsible for their actions only from the age of 16, since it is believed that from this moment they can control and comprehend their actions, which in some cases gives rise to a sense of permissiveness. The importance of legal analysis is related to the fact that a single algorithm of actions is needed to identify the facts of conscious illegal behavior on the part of a teenager before the age of bringing to administrative responsibility. Thus, this article raises an important question concerning the need to prevent intentional offenses on the part of a minor who uses such a "gap" in the legislation as the age of prosecution. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the importance of reducing the age of administrative responsibility; to develop a model of law enforcement actions on the part of an employee of the internal affairs bodies. The subject of the article is the legal norms regulating the grounds and procedure for bringing minors to administrative responsibility. The problematic nature of this issue, which directly points to the significance of these changes, is expressed in the growing level of juvenile delinquency. Thus, according to statistical data provided by the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation for 2019 and for 2020, there is an increase in crimes committed by minors in Moscow, which amounted to 4.45%. The relevance of this topic is confirmed by the fact that there is a need to change the norms of administrative legislation to prevent the facts of "deliberate use of the age" of bringing the guilty person to justice.

Currently, there are many options for classifying investments in the scientific community, but almost all authors carry out the classification by terms. At the same time, scientists do not have a single approach to classification by time attribute. In addition, the proposed classification options (short-term, long-term, medium-term), as well as the terms of certain investments themselves, are usually not justified anywhere and are presented as a given. According to the author, such an arbitrary and unjustified classification does not meet the requirements of scientific classification. In addition, different approaches and options for classifying investments by terms in investment textbooks do not contribute to a unified collection, analysis, accounting and reporting in the field of investment, as well as the unification of financial documents in accordance with international standards, but on the contrary, will contribute to the ambiguity of law enforcement practice. Based on the options for classifying investments by terms proposed by the scientific community, an analysis of regulatory acts, as well as international standards in the field of finance and accounting, the author comes to the conclusion that it is advisable to use a single classification by investment period for short-term (up to one year) and long-term (over one year), and fixing such a classification in a regulatory document.

The research goal is to define the civil law means that took place in the enforcement proceedings. The article examines the functioning of the compulsory system issues of the Russian Federation and reveals the factors that hinder the effective development of compulsory enforcement institutions via the usage of the civil law structures. Conclusion. The authors classify the civil law means in the enforcement proceedings on different basis that are in laws of Russian Federation. A special meaning of the civil law liability in the enforcement proceedings is mentioned in the article. It promotes more effective work of the compulsory execution system. The responsibility of the enforcement authorities consists of the basic principles of legal liability. The authors came to the conclusion that civil liability is mostly compensatory.

The article is devoted to the study of domestic sources of law in the field of cybersecurity. Based on a generalization of sources in the field of international law, criminal legislation of foreign states and provisions developed in the Russian legal doctrine, the author concludes that it is impossible to effectively combat cybercrime when using the tools of a single state. The need for international cooperation in the designated area is a red line in all program and regulatory documents of the industry. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to analyze international legal norms, current domestic legislation for the possibility of improving the criminal law mechanism for countering manifestations of "harassment" in Russian society. Methodology and methods: in this study, the author makes extensive use of methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, as well as the method of interpreting legal norms. Conclusions: as a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to ensure the global security of cyberspace by improving the legislation of the Russian Federation and effective international cooperation. In this article, the author presents the genesis of the normative consolidation of the mechanism for countering cyber threats, analyzes the mutual influence of sources of international and state law, considers the main provisions of program and conceptual documents that indicate the essence of Russia's legislative initiatives in the relevant area. The author concludes that taking into account international experience in this issue will contribute to the effectiveness of the reforms. Scope of the results: the material of the article is addressed to students of higher educational institutions, as well as graduate students conducting scientific research in the framework of research. In addition, the conclusions of this article can be used by teachers of law schools as a scientific and methodological material.

The purpose of the study. The article is devoted to the consideration of terrorism, which is one of the most urgent and discussed global threats, and the problem of its typology. Today, domestic and foreign scientists and practitioners present various variants of the typology of terrorism. Due to the non-standard approach to the typology presented in the article, the authors distinguish common components that take place in real reality, as well as in a special part of the typology of various formats of political and ideological doctrines. Results: On the basis of the studied existing modern typologies of terrorism, taking into account modern trends, a variant is presented, taking into account criminology, the problem of countering this destructive phenomenon.

Purpose of the study. The article considers and analyzes the results of a socio-criminological study conducted on human trafficking in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors substantiate the thesis about the insufficiency of existing measures to combat human trafficking, which determines the need to find the most optimal, modern and timely legislative and law enforcement tools. The paper notes that the study obtained specific results related to the study of the features of the formation and optimization of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the system of crimes related to human trafficking at the international and national levels; ideas, initiatives, proposals, and key results were developed in terms of modeling the policy of countering crimes related to human trafficking and their implementation in scientific and methodological, practical activities of human rights, law enforcement, and international organizations. Results. Within the framework of the study, the authors conclude that the main reasons for the origin of cases of human trafficking in the Republic of Kazakhstan are poverty, limited economic opportunities for access to effective employment, education, a significant difference in the level of economic development between countries and regions within the country, the crisis of the family, family values, domestic violence, the growth of dysfunctional families, general gender inequality, alcoholism, social orphanhood, and peculiarities of mentality. Social status, low level of education, young age, and psychoemotional state are also factors that increase the chances of becoming a victim of human trafficking.

The article examines the problematic issues related to the use of digital technologies and the collection of biometric data of citizens. In the course of the analysis of situations related to the spread of digital technologies and the scale of the collection, use and processing of biometric data, the author touches on issues that the world's population does not understand the full scale of the need to collect, use and process biometric data with examples of counteraction on their part and the developing trend of hiding identity. This issue is considered on the example of the civil legislation of the People's Republic of China, adopted on January 1, 2021, which legalized the SCS system "Social Credit System". At the same time, the article also analyzes the legal issues governing the collection and processing of biometric personal data, as well as the issues of the insolvency of Russian legislation in this matter, which causes different interpretations of it and, consequently, increases the level of insecurity of the population and increases its distrust of the digitalization of society. The purpose of this article is to study the problematic issues that have arisen in the process of digital transformation, related to the implementation of the biometrics system and the legal regulation of these issues. Conclusions obtained in the course of the study. The introduction of digital technologies is known to carry great risks for criminological security, which requires making decisions to ensure criminological security. And, first of all, the creation of a system of personal protection, not only from a technical point of view, but also from a legal point of view. In this regard, it is necessary, first of all, before creating and implementing new technologies, to prepare the organizational and legal basis for their use. This also applies to the problem of creating a legal system of biometric data, which causes a discrepancy in the interpretation of legal issues of their regulation.

The fight against crime is largely due to the use of special knowledge. Taking into account the fact that Russian legislation empowers the investigator to involve other participants with special knowledge at various stages of the criminal process, it seems necessary to note the relevance of the analysis in this context of the peculiarities of the functioning of experts and specialists. Modern investigative and judicial practice demonstrates the demand for a procedural form of using special knowledge, which is determined by criminal procedural legislation. However, at present, many questions arise regarding the effectiveness of the exclusively procedural interaction of these participants in the criminal process. The purpose of writing a research paper is to identify individual problems arising in the process of using special knowledge in the investigation of crimes. The author comes to the conclusion that, despite the demand for special knowledge at the present time, there is a problem of the lack of uniform approaches in the theoretical and legal development of this category, which significantly complicates the procedural practice in this area. The activity of specialists is highlighted as the most vulnerable area of using special knowledge in investigating crimes, which is due to the presence of a number of gaps in the regulation of their legal status as participants in criminal proceedings. Attention is focused on the need to improve not only the procedural form of using special knowledge, but also the development of reference and advisory assistance at various stages of the criminal process due to its significant potential for investigating crimes. The need to use special knowledge about information and digital technologies to improve the efficiency of the investigation of most modern crimes due to the prevalence of electronic information in the modern world is noted.

Banning certain actions is a new and rarely used preventive measure. At the same time, high growth rates (in 2020 + 48% against last year's indicators) give hope for expanding the scope of its application. The authors propose a number of directions for improving legal regulation and the practice of applying the prohibition of certain actions. First, to fix in part 8 of Art. 105.1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation the right of the accused, to whom the prohibition of certain actions is applied, to unimpeded receipt of legal assistance from a defense lawyer. Secondly, the problem of unmotivated imposition on the accused of certain restrictions stipulated by the law was revealed. To solve it, explanations are needed from the Plenum of the RF Armed Forces and a response to each case of violation of the rights of the accused by higher authorities. Thirdly, the authors substantiate the provision that the imposition of a complex of prohibitions on the accused that significantly limit the constitutional rights to liberty and security of person is permissible only in criminal prosecution for those crimes that provide for the possibility of imposing imprisonment as a form of punishment.

The updated National Security Strategy sets one of the priority tasks - increase in the anti-terrorist protection of hazardous facilities of various categories. In this regard, the article discusses one of the priority and daily activities of the National Guard troops - ensuring reliable protection of critical state facilities, high-security and restricted access facilities. In addition, there are tendencies for an increase in the number of critical facilities covered by the security activities of the National Guard of the Russian Federation. The author notes the problems that occur in the segment of departmental security service, administrative and problematic resources, and security activities of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Okhrana” of the National Guard of the Russian Federation.

The purpose of the research work is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the «flexible» field of accreditation of forensic laboratories and the field of accreditation that has a rigid range. The development of standardization in forensic science, including the expansion of the number of forensic laboratories that build their activities in accordance with the requirements of the international standard GOST ISO/IEC 17025-2019 «General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories», encourages us to pay attention to this issue again. In the course of the study, the following conclusions were formulated. Insufficient clarity in defining the «flexible» scope of accreditation and differences in the understanding of its boundaries by the accreditation body, the forensic laboratory and the customer can lead to abuse by individual laboratories and the development of unfair competition. This argument in favor of abandoning the «flexible» field of accreditation for forensic laboratories seems to be much more weighty than the listed advantages of its practical application.

The article examines some problematic issues of the tactics of conducting investigative actions animal cruelty cases. On the basis of the analysis of criminal cases of this category, typical investigative actions carried out during their investigation were considered: inspection of the scene of the incident, examination of objects, interrogation, appointment of an expert examination, and also the difficulties that arise during their conduct are revealed. Conclusions: Based on the consideration of problematic issues of investigative tactics in animal cruelty cases, options for their solution are proposed. Practical recommendations are formulated for the tactics of examining the scene of the incident, examining objects, assigning forensic examinations, etc.

The article considers the influence of disruptive technologies as an impact factor of a modern system of cybersecurity and scientific and technological development (STI-Science, Technology and Innovation) in the conditions of the fourth industrial revolution, taking into account the experience of the BRICS countries, as well as the development of mechanisms for international scientific and technical cooperation within the BRICS. The author’s finding of an inevitable development of cooperation within the framework of the BRICS group in order to improve information infrastructure and cybersecurity, ivolve national legal systems and creation of impact factors to create wide prospects for cooperation in the information sphere within the BRICS group and on a global scale. The state of information and cybersecurity will largely depend on the effectiveness of the activities of international organizations, associations of states and regional international structures. At the same time, the level of security in the information sphere, the Internet cyberspace has a direct effect on vulnerability within the national security of each BRICS member country and the entire association as a whole.

Purpose of the study. The article examines the problems of protecting the rights of indigenous peoples in the context of climate change under International Human Rights Law and International Climate Change Regime. Results. As a result of the study, the author concludes that the relevance of the issue of protecting the rights of indigenous peoples in the context of climate change is due to the fact that neither the 1989 Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, nor international agreements on human rights consider issues related to the violation of the socio-economic and cultural rights of indigenous peoples as a result of global warming. The issue of the impact of climate change on indigenous peoples was the subject of discussion at the 21st Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, which resulted in the creation of a special Platform for working with local communities and indigenous peoples. This trend can also be traced in the activities of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, UNESCO, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, the UN Human Rights Council, etc. Of particular interest are the petitions submitted by Inuit and Athabaskan representatives to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights in 2005. and 2013. accordingly, since this marked the beginning of the formation of international practice to protect the rights of indigenous peoples, violated due to the lack of an appropriate government strategy to reduce the harmful anthropogenic impact on the climate system. Based on a systematic analysis of international human rights treaties and climate protection treaties, it can be summarized that the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples can be carried out through the application of human rights norms, international legal norms on the rights of indigenous peoples and the inclusion of indigenous peoples' issues in international agreements to combat climate change.