Volume 13, Nº 4 (2020)

The aim of the study was to study the problems and mechanisms of the formation of a criminal subculture as a product of criminal anti-social behavior and its impact on young people. Objectives of the study: today on the Internet and social networks the influence of criminal subculture has become so widespread that it has become one of the main causes of offences committed by minors. In this light, one of the main social tasks is to find ways to reduce the increase in crime, especially among young people, and to increase the effectiveness of their prevention. The study of the causes of anti-social behavior among young people has revealed such factors as marginalization and criminalization, which have led to the formation of a criminal subculture among minors, and, worst of all, more and more young people are being drawn into this sphere, new forms of organization of youth criminal subcultures are emerging. Conclusions: the spread of criminal subculture and its anti-social behavior pose a danger not only to young people, but also to society as a whole. That is why today the issue of countering this phenomenon and preventing the involvement of young people in criminal subculture is particularly acute. And both the State and society must come to help resolve this issue, on whose active and coherent actions the success of the event will depend.

The article considers the formation of religious fundamentalism as an ideological trend and the response to the factors of globalization in the world, the prerequisites and features of its formation in modern conditions. An analysis of theoretical approaches to the essence of religious fundamentalism, its social manifestations and consequences is undertaken. The author draws attention to the features of the functioning of Islamic fundamentalism, its extremist trends, the connection of radical Islamic fundamentalism with the spread of fanaticism, the use of Islamic radical fundamentalism as an ideology by extremist and terrorist organizations. Considering Orthodox fundamentalism, it is noted that it is quite closely connected with the state policy of the country, which vividly confirms both domestic and foreign policies of Russia in recent years. The interaction of politicians and the church acquires the meaning of the revival of Orthodox spiritual culture in order to fill the ideological vacuum that appeared after the collapse of the USSR and the fall of the ideology of communism. Broad media coverage of the activities of politicians in the Orthodox Church is aimed at disseminating among the people opinions about the integrating function of Orthodoxy, about the special identity of the Russian people and the special mission of the Russian state. The Orthodox Church, thereby, has a positive effect on the perception of the people of the ruling power, becoming its political symbol. As a result, the author concludes that radical Islamic fundamentalism enjoys the support of radical Islamic groups by manipulating the ideas of equality, transforming the leaders of the fundamentalist doctrine into spokespersons for the interests of social classes, dissatisfied with the influence of the West as a whole and the results of Western modernization in particular.

The article deals with topical issues related to the growth of terrorist activity and the activation of extremist manifestations in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. The author notes that extremist organizations and terrorist groups seek to use the outbreak of infection to implement their ideology, spread chaos, terror and panic. New methods of subversive activities of criminal groups, facts of terrorist attacks committed by militants exploiting the pandemic coronavirus are presented. It is noted that the suspension of international anti-terrorist operations and the General focus of the world on fighting the spread of infection will subsequently lead to an increase in extremism and terrorism in the modern world.

This article discusses the features of modern international extremism and terrorism in modern conditions. The author notes that the tragic consequences of highly resonant crimes of this nature of recent decades cause a real threat to the security of society and the state, which in turn requires, as one of the priorities, effective, legal regulation of the fight against these negative social phenomena. As the scale and wide geography of resonant crimes of an extremist and terrorist nature show, these crimes can potentially threaten almost any country, regardless of the level of social, economic development, state structure and military potential of the state. Therefore, the prevention of combating criminal activities of an extremist and terrorist nature should be systematic and continuous, covering all levels and areas of regulatory regulation, based on a nationwide set of countermeasures aimed at suppressing these types of crimes, as well as improving the practice of applying anti-terrorism and anti-extremist legislation. In this connection, in addressing the priority tasks of combating extremist and terrorist activities, it is necessary to rely on international experience, as well as joint, systematic and coordinated activities that allow developing a single set of preventive measures to prevent and an effective mechanism to counter international extremism and terrorism. In accordance with international treaties and agreements, the Russian Federation cooperates with many foreign states, which increases the effectiveness of comprehensive countermeasures against illegal activities of an extremist and terrorist nature, this interaction is carried out through bodies and services, as well as international organizations whose activities are aimed at prevention, suppression and the fight against these crimes. Law enforcement agencies, special services of both Russia and foreign countries are increasingly joining their efforts to develop effective measures to prevent, suppress and neutralize the activities of international extremist and terrorist organizations.

Terrorism is not a new phenomenon, and it has not emerged today. The author tries to analyze and recreate centuries-long transformation of terrorism from its origins to the present day. Terrorism has its origins in the distant historical past. As the stated arguments the author cites the events that took place in the distant history and qualify today as terrorism, terrorist crimes and terrorist activity, and occurred more than two and a half thousand years ago, in the first century BC, etc. Based on the analysis of the facts, which have taken place in history, the author concludes that the events and the incidents perceived by a society as terrorism and punished by the legislation in the remote past also took place. In those distant times, they, as well as today, resonated fear, worries, uncertainty in the future. The crimes committed were aimed at achieving personal, group, clan, political and other goals. The ways in which they were committed were also varied. As an alternative, the author concludes that explosions, aircraft hijackings, hostage taking, etic do not always accompany terrorist crimes. The forms of manifestation of terrorism are different. Over time, they evolve as well as everything else around them. In the author's opinion, at the current stage of development of society no less danger may be posed, for example, by the actions of an official contributing to the loosening of the foundations of the state, the values and folk traditions that have developed over decades, encroaching on stable, good relations in society, etc. Nor is it always the case that what is now a real danger to the peaceful coexistence of citizens punishable by law. It also happens that it (the danger) is invisible, not immediately distinguish it. Timely detection of such facts will help to prevent not only any illegal activity, but also neutralize the prerequisites and conditions that contribute to their fulfillment.

The article discusses the reasons for the emergence of cyber terrorism in the Russian Federation and ways to improve the existing system to counter cyber terrorism. It is obvious that cyber terrorism is a new and serious threat to the national security of the state. Effective counteraction to cyberterrorist crimes is not possible, using existing methods to counter. A transformation of both regulatory and technological nature is needed. The system for countering cyber terrorism in the Russian Federation should be constantly improved, since the sphere of information technology is developing at a very fast pace, which is reflected in the actions of cyber terrorism.

The ail of the worker washi too conduct a comprehensive study of the phenomenon of religious fundamentalism, determine its essence, and consider the impact of this concept on modern society. It is supposed to analyze the placce and rote of religion in the life of modern society, to describe the genesis and essential features of extremism in modern religious studies and socio-political literature, to identify the socio-historical and political sources of extremism, to consider the modernist trends of modern religious fundamentalism, to substantiate practical recommendations and suggestions regarding prevention possible threats of the spread of extremist sentiments in society. Of the study are based on the principles of comparison and analogy, analysis and synthesis, abstraction, systematization and generalization. Determining the meaning of a number of concepts related to the subject of research requires the application of the principle of objectivity, and the transformation of religious fundamentalism in historically different versions - the principle of historicism and religious studies comparative studies. The typology of phenomena and comparative historical analysis are used in the work. Of various interpretations of extremism in modern consciousness and scientific religious knowledge, in identifying determining the nature of the use of concepts for political and ideological purposes. Normative courses in political science and philosophy in higher educational institutions. Of counteraction of internal affairs bodies to extremist crimes. The basis of the study was the classic and modern theoretical provisions of criminal law, criminalistics, administrative law. The principle of interdisciplinary makes it possible to consider this work as complex, taking into account active interaction with various services and organizations in the framework of countering these crimes.

The history of terrorism begins from ancient times because provocations and terror led to the desired political results. Terrorism in modern Russia is a rather complex social phenomenon, which has its own characteristics. The issue of terrorism is becoming particularly relevant today. Terrorism has a public character, designed for mass perception and the creation of appropriate moods. Undoubtedly, terrorism is a serious problem for the entire world community. The eradication of the terrorist threat is considered as one of the priority tasks of the domestic and foreign policy of the Russian state. In the article, the author comes to the conclusion that the effectiveness of countering terrorism can be achieved only through the joint efforts of specially created law enforcement agencies and special services, combining the capabilities of all government structures, branches of government, society, the media and each individual person.

The purpose of this study is to study the problems of countering terrorism by law enforcement agencies. The paper considers the features of modern terrorism, the main criminal focus of which is the use of violent changes in the constitutional system of the state in order to destabilize the work of state security agencies. The article attempted to classify terrorism as a negative social phenomenon. The author’s research indicates that there is a need for active localization of terrorism by the entire world community.

To date, crimes committed with the use of firearms continue to be actual, as evidenced by the statistical data on their number. Firearms are quite effective for committing crimes, including grave ones. In article the author resulted criminal-legal and criminally-legal aspects of crimes of terrorist character, the analysis of cores of articles is given, concept of the weapon, ammunition, homemade or industrial explosives is considered, within the limits of crimes of a terrorist orientation, the role of the weapon both in commission, and in investigation of crimes of the specified category is revealed, the combined set of circumstances which promotes commission of crimes of the given category with use of firearms, ammunition and explosives is resulted. The author also considers the concept of terrorism categorically and notes that successful activity in the prevention, detection and investigation of crimes depends on the methods and techniques used by criminals in preparing, committing and concealing the crime. In conclusion, the author concludes that if it is not possible to establish the methods and techniques used by the offender, it is difficult to determine the means, techniques and methods that in this case, the investigator should apply.

The author analyzes the problem of involving minors in terrorist organizations and ways to help get out of this situation. The article explores the characteristics of the personality of a minor. The author reveals the reasons for the widespread dissemination of terrorist ideas among the young generation of the country. The author focuses on the currently existing measures to prevent the spread of terrorism among minors. The article emphasizes the fact that a minor, due to the characteristics of psychophysical development and sensitivity, needs special attention of parents, teachers, society and the state. Timely measures to prevent terrorism among minors will help save a minor from negative influence and make them worthy members of society. The state and society should fully recognize the seriousness of this problem and in a short time more thoroughly work out the issues of preventing the spread of terrorism among minors.

Despite the political changes in the modern world, the threat of terrorism remains. One of the forms of unlawful dispute resolution is terrorism, which allows obtaining the necessary resources, including in terms of decisions of state authorities. In the context of the stated problem, the process of spreading terrorist ideology, which poses a serious threat to modern peace and security, is of particular importance. Russian criminal law provides for liability for a number of actions related to the spread of terrorist ideology and the maintenance of the practice of using violent methods. The purpose of this article is to analyze the current criminal law governing the process of bringing to justice for the propaganda of terrorism in Russia. The author comes to the conclusion that the current normative provision governing responsibility for this crime is incorrect and needs to be changed in order to increase the effectiveness of counterterrorist activities in Russia. Attention is focused on the need for a significant change in Art. 205.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. It seems promising to supplement the list of qualifying signs of propaganda of terrorism by the commission of this crime against a minor, as well as using the official position. These aggravating circumstances are singled out as the most dangerous signs of the propaganda of terrorism in the modern world, which seems necessary to be necessarily reflected in the Russian criminal legislation.

The state of health and physical fitness of a person are important for representatives of many professions. The service of law enforcement officers requires not only a high level of professional knowledge and skills, but also is associated with significant physical exertion. At present, the situation during the global pandemic underscores the need to develop distance learning. However, not for all disciplines, adaptation to the remote format is equally successful. The purpose of this work is to analyze modern distance learning of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation in the discipline "Physical Training". The author comes to the conclusion that there are a number of advantages and disadvantages of distance learning, which should be taken into account when organizing the relevant educational processes, including the discipline "Physical Training". As promising areas for improving distance learning in the discipline "Physical Training", classes using video conferencing, as well as a combination of remote forms with practical exercises in an educational organization, are highlighted.

Continuous improvement of personal knowledge and skills, study of practical positive experience, analysis of mistakes and miscalculations and their timely correction, are the key to personal and professional security officers. Today, the staff of ATS to self-service are trained on-job-training programs for office employee "Policeman". The article presents the model of formation of professionally important qualities of students in educational institutions of Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia. The growth of crime, including increasing the number of committed crimes of a terrorist nature, dramatically increases risk for emotional, physical and mental health of police officers. A necessary condition for operational and special events is a great training of personnel, organization of interaction clear, thoughtful plan of operation. Therefore, the correct understanding, the study and use of all components of personal security officers will help greatly reduce the risks and improve the quality of professional work. Directly, the learning process needs to have knowledge and skills accumulated by employees of bodies of internal Affairs, pedagogy, psychology and other disciplines necessary for further professional activities. Thereby it creates the basis for going beyond existing only analytical understanding of several individual problems and issues applied professional training of future specialists, not always including the features of the content and structure of their holistic performance. These circumstances allow, in our opinion, to develop a model of formation of professionally important qualities in students, demonstrating the reciprocal relationship of the factors of safety of police officers and contributing to the formation of motivation for further professional improvement in this aspect. The educational process in the discipline will be directly aimed at providing such results of training and education as the development of professionally important qualities and motor skills through the use of a set of tools and techniques appropriate to specific professional activities. For this reason, the educational process needed to do a better use of learning technologies, the essence of which will be to improve the efficiency of training by maximizing the orientation of the learning process to the practical realities and leveraging the intelligence of the audience.

The purpose of this study was to study the problems of the use of violent actions, namely physical force and combat fighting methods, special means and firearms by police officers in the process of serving in relation to antisocial elements. We found that the legal regulation of the use of physical force, special means and firearms by police officers consists in the desire to strengthen the guarantees of the rights and freedoms of citizens and to ensure uniform law enforcement practice. Research objectives: an attempt was made to consider the process of professional and applied training of police officers, during which the skills of using combat fighting techniques, special means and firearms are formed. And the legal regulation of the use of physical force by police officers, including combat methods of combat, special means and firearms - the main elements of professional training, solves the dominant task in this aspect. Conclusions: the competent actions of the employee in the ensuing battle with the offender can lead the conflict away from the critical situation, reduce tension in the current situation and eliminate the need for physical force, special means and firearms. Therefore, when applying physical measures and fighting methods of struggle, the police are obliged to take into account the nature and strength of the resistance, because It is precisely in accordance with the degree of severity of the offense and the resistance exerted by the offender that the police officer applies direct coercion measures, the limits of which are established and fixed at the legislative level, are characterized by established frameworks, the passage of which entails negative legal consequences for law enforcement officers.

The purpose of this study was to study the organizational and legal basis for the use of physical force and combat techniques by police officers, as the problem of the use of violent acts, namely physical force and combat techniques by police officers in the course of service with anti-social elements is relevant and little studied. And today 's realities are such that police officers often have to resort to the use of physical force and combat techniques because of the failure of offenders to comply with legitimate police demands. The objectives of the study: knowledge of the legal basis for the use of physical force and combat techniques by police officers are those factors that are aimed at improving the efficiency of their operational and official activities and make them aware of their mental and theoretical wealth, moral purity and impeccability. In accordance with the severity of the act and resistance of the offender, the police officer applies direct coercive measures, the limits of which are set by the legislator and are characterized by a defined framework beyond which there are negative legal consequences for law enforcement officers. At the same time, the police officer applies measures of direct coercion in accordance with the severity of the resistance committed and provided by the offender, the limits of which are set by the legislator and are characterized by a defined framework beyond which there are negative legal consequences for law enforcement officers. Conclusions: The use of physical force and combat techniques by police officers is conditional on the suppression of offences and the detention of anti-social elements, and the priority is to achieve full control over their actions through the physical measures provided for in the legislation.

The purpose of this study was to study the process of improving the educational process in universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which is caused by purposeful activities to form the students' professional component of preparedness for the active suppression of the offender’s illegal actions up to hand-to-hand combat. This is also evidenced by the existing practice of professional training of police officers, which is carried out directly on the basis of training in combating martial law with offenders and detaining them using combat fighting techniques. The professional preparedness of the police officer is characterized by a high level of his education and physical fitness, as well as extensive experience and substantive content of official activities. The objectives of the study are to understand the process of improving the educational process in the universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, due to purposeful activities to form the students' professional component of readiness to actively suppress the wrongdoing of the offender up to hand-to-hand combat. This is also evidenced by the existing practice of professional training of police officers, which is carried out directly on the basis of training in combating martial arts with offenders and their detention, while the professional training of a police officer is characterized by a high level of education and physical fitness, as well as extensive experience and substantial filling of official activities. Conclusions: situations of forced (power) detention of offenders arising in the professional and official activities of law enforcement officers determined the need for a successful solution of the task, namely the professional training of employees - the formation of their constant psychological readiness for an unexpected encounter with the offender and the skills of using combat fighting techniques in the prevailing operational environment.

The purpose of this study was to study the conditions that determine the success of physical training - an indicator of the professional competence of trainers and trainers who, in addition to professional knowledge, skills and skills, are obliged to possess erudition, a high degree of legal literacy and to be communicative. At the same time, professionalism in instructor and trainer's work is represented by a complex of formed knowledge, skills and skills, as well as abilities and beliefs, which form the basis of performance of qualified work. Essentially instructor and trainer 's work is a form of professional activity, the main orientation of which besides achievement of result is also directed directly to the process. In the article we also summarized the main professional requirements to the activity of trainers and trainers on physical training. Among other things, the instructor and the trainer implement an equally significant function - educational, which manifests itself in the ability to empathy and allows to understand feelings of trainers, which leads to improvement of mutual understanding with them. Thus, in a general view of feature of professional activity of instructors and trainers and the revealed difficulties are characterized by focus on high extent of possession of professional abilities and to skills, conscious self-development and formation of individual creative approach to a profession and also ability to stimulate interest at others in results of the profession and increase in its prestige in society.

The purpose of this study was to study the need for the methodological development of new evaluation technologies, taking into account the formation of students' competencies and the graduate's readiness for professional activity. The educational process in the system of departmental higher education today is built on the platform of a competency-based approach to state standardization of training programs, which predetermined a new perception of the concept of competence and by which they began to understand the complex of key personality traits of students consisting of knowledge, skills and abilities that they will apply in everyday professional work. The objective of the study is to determine modern technologies aimed at identifying the effectiveness and efficiency of training in order to ensure the objectivity of the assessment of the development of the taught disciplines. And with this technology we have chosen a rating system for assessing the formation of competency, because the classical form of diagnosis that exists today in the universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia does not provide the entirety of evaluating the effectiveness of the educational process, relegating to the background the adequacy and objectivity of quasimetric. Conclusions: the introduction of a rating system for monitoring the formation of competencies and assessing the quality of training of students in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is aimed at solving the problem of assessing knowledge in the existing traditional system, which is distinguished by the scarcity of ratings, and knowing your rating will lead students to a clearer idea of the results of educational activities and will lead to increased motivation to learn.

The purpose of this study was to study the basics of the tactical and technical preparedness of students for the study of combat fighting techniques. In the process of training, students should demonstrate skills in using forceful methods of protecting law and order, the safety of individuals, society and the state in extreme and emergency situations. Hence, the main purpose of the use of combat fighting methods is to protect citizens from criminal offenses related to violence or its threat, suppress offenses and detain persons who committed them. In order to successfully complete professional tasks, students must constantly improve their physical fitness, namely the skills of tactical and technical use of combat techniques to combat illegal actions in society. Research objectives: combat fighting techniques are an important means of preparation for solving problems aimed at improving the physical and psychological preparedness of students, which leads to a qualitative improvement in their professional skills, as well as technical and tactical preparedness. Conclusions: the optimization of the tactical and technical foundations of the use of combat techniques of combat consists in the development by students of the set of actions necessary for them to carry out professional and official activities in a danger situation, i.e. the inevitable use of physical force against the offender. Tactically, the use of combat fighting methods is justified in all cases of suppressing any resistance from the offender, including active resistance and armed attack.

Data from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia show that 510.5 thousand crimes were registered in our country in the first quarter of 2020. When comparing this figure with the data for the same period of 2019, it should be noted that the number of crimes increased by 4.0% [1]. The complicated operational situation caused by the growth of the number of crimes committed in our country, as well as the fulfillment of tasks in conditions bordering on extreme and critical, determines the relevance of the topic of this article. The process of development of technical equipment, in particular, the appearance of new types of weapons, special protective and active defense means, engineering and technical means of protection, the specificity of operational and service tasks are the reason for continuous improvement of methods of training tactical and special and fire training in the system of professional education of IAB staff. For this reason, the author of the article reveals general information about the content and peculiarities of the organization of tactical-special and fire training in the form of a system of general principles of training, taking into account the specifics of operational and service activities of IAB. Speaking about tactical-special training, it is necessary to reflect that its theoretical provisions analyze the features, characteristics, as well as the content of emergency circumstances, establish the sources of their occurrence and the situations that led to their occurrence, in addition, considers the logic and algorithm of the use of forces and means of ATC, as well as tactical features of their actions in the conditions of the need to use firearms and special means. In the article, these provisions are systematized and formed based on detailed research and subsequent analysis of IAB experience in various situations, and then implemented by issuing orders, methodological recommendations, textbooks and training manuals. Tactical-special and fire training are the most dynamic branches of special knowledge in the field of law and order, where changes occur the faster the changes in public life, the social structure of society is changing, and the means of armed struggle are improving.

The purpose of this study was to study the process of teaching students of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs how to strike and defend against them, which consists in mastering theoretical ranks, organizational and methodological skills, as well as practical skills in performing techniques and physical actions on offenders to suppress illegal actions of their detention and overcoming counteraction to legal requirements. Hence the importance of mastering the skills of using striking techniques in the structure of physical training in the combat section of self-defense, due to the often-occurring situations when the ability to deliver a strong and accurate strike to the enemy can decide the outcome of the fight. Research objectives: in the process of mastering the technique of strikes, students are trained to solve the main task of the fight - getting into a certain (vulnerable) place of the attacker, bringing him to a certain negative state and removing him from combat readiness. Conclusions: It is advisable to construct the methodology for teaching students the skills of using shock equipment in such a way as to provide the opportunity to learn the most complex exercises, techniques and actions directly at the training sessions in the sections of physical training, and their improvement took place in the course of complex classes. The use of shock and defensive actions are the most effective and independent techniques in the daily operational and official activity of students, which is often associated with the occurrence of fights, however, they can also play the role of auxiliary techniques as part of tactical and technical actions during the detention and escort of offenders.

The expediency of engaging in physical culture is confirmed by the obvious preventive effect in terms of improving the health of the body, improving the work of organs and tissues, optimizing the work of vital systems, slowing down the aging process. The possibility of skilful suppression of criminal manifestations in direct physical contact with offenders for representatives of the system of internal Affairs bodies is largely achieved by introducing them to systematic training sessions, developing specific motor skills, as well as preparing the body for action in a situation of stress. Taking into account the objective variety of cases and situations in which employees of internal Affairs bodies may need to prevent violations of rights, all basic physical qualities require preliminary development and training testing: strength, speed, agility, flexibility, and endurance. A significant number of skills, the acquisition of which is mandatory for each employee of the internal Affairs Department is instilled during training in educational organizations of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia, as part of the course of physical training. Content of basic educational programs of this profile allows to say that the leadership of the Agency recognizes and supports the importance of physical fitness, through legislative action seeks to promote physical development of students, training process is an essential component in the sequence of preventive actions for the successful implementation of professional competence. In this paper, we will discuss the use of such a training method in physical training classes in educational organizations of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia, as a method of dynamic efforts. The dynamic method allows students of educational organizations of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia to develop the ability to overcome a given resistance due to intensive muscle activity, and in the future use this opportunity to solve specific service tasks. A distinctive feature that defines the specifics of this method is a special format for performing physical exercises, with an emphasis on the dynamics of motor actions and the amplitude of muscle contractions. The value of the dynamic effort method for the course of physical training in educational organizations of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia is to slow down the fatigue of students during physical activity, accelerate recovery after exercise, and increase overall performance.

The purpose of this study was to study the training process for police officers as part of the initial training of professionally-applied physical training in the focus of the application of combat fighting techniques. The main task of professionally-applied physical training is to form the motor skills of the police officers in the effective and legitimate use of physical force, including fighting techniques of fighting in order to successfully carry out the detention of the offender. The solution to this problem lies in the plane of optimization of means and methods of physical training of police officers based on the integrated application of techniques. Research objectives: an attempt was made to analyze the development by police officers of a combination of combat fighting techniques during the training process as an essential component of the entire training system of combat fighting techniques for successfully solving service and combat missions. The complex application of combat fighting techniques has been substantiated, consisting in the implementation of technical actions that are equipped in such a way that they can consistently carry out motor actions in a wide variety of combinations. Conclusions: in the practical activities of police officers, the integrated use of combat fighting techniques is considered effective, which takes into account the factors of the motor action performed, including the pressure of the opponent, his weight, the speed of his movement, the implementation of the lever action on the opponent, the force overcoming the resistance provided by the opponent, fettering the opponent’s movements, distracting his attention and the sudden conduct of attacking actions. At the same time, it should be remembered that the integrated use of combat fighting techniques is based on the effective and legitimate use of physical force.

Corruption is currently a large-scale problem that affects many countries. Modern globalization processes have a significant impact on the spread of this illegal phenomenon throughout the world. For some regions, the problems of corruption are more typical, for others - less, however the specified illegal act is present to one degree or another in every state. The existing scale of the negative consequences of corruption around the world has led to the creation and development of domestic mechanisms to counter this unlawful act and increased international cooperation in combating corruption crimes. The purpose of writing the work is to study international and foreign experience in combating corruption. Despite the presence of a large number of scientific papers on the issues of corruption behavior, a number of law enforcement problems are currently arising with regard to anti-corruption legislation. These problems negatively affect not only the life of certain states, but also can significantly inhibit the development of entire regions. The author concludes that to date, international and domestic mechanisms have been created to combat corruption behavior, which differ in the scale of activity and the variety of measures applied. Particular attention is paid to the functioning of foreign anti-corruption mechanisms; the most effective measures to combat this illegal phenomenon are highlighted. It seems promising to consider this experience when improving national anti-corruption mechanisms in various fields. Attention is focused on the ineffectiveness of the anti-corruption measures application by analogy with other countries without taking into account the unique development of each state.

The purpose of this article is to summarize the data on legal regulation and the information set forth in the scientific literature on such phenomena as the mass exodus of citizens, the formulation of a scientific problem, requiring a detailed analysis of specialists from different fields of law. To solve this problem, a comparative legal analysis of the definitions, statuses of citizens who are in the country without her citizenship, a comparison of some provisions important to determine their place in the system. An attempt was made to analyze the grounds for carrying out criminal procedural activities in the event of a mass exodus to the territory of the Russian Federation from the territory of neighboring states of both our compatriots and other persons. The results of such a generalization can be used for further theoretical research, preparation of scientific works and for solving practical problems in the field of criminal proceedings in special conditions.

The material systematized in the article allowed the author to conclude that there are problems, which make it difficult for the investigator to implement the general conditions of preliminary investigation: irrational waste of time and resources on organizational work; disinterest in the quality of preliminary investigation and others. The conclusion was made that regardless of the problem in question - all of them start from the normative level, then passing on to practice. That is why the author proposes to eliminate all existing shortcomings in the process of drafting and adopting laws, thus defining clearer and more reasonable rules of action for all participants in criminal proceedings. The material reflected in the article has highlighted a number of problems hindering the implementation of the general conditions of the preliminary investigation by the investigator: irrational waste of time and resources for organizational work; disinterest in the quality of the preliminary investigation, etc. As a result, conclusions are made that all of them originate from the normative level, smoothly, in the future, passing to the practical plane. For this very reason, it is necessary to eliminate all existing shortcomings in the process of drafting and adopting laws, thus defining clearer and more reasonable rules of action for all participants of criminal proceedings.

The author of the article, having considered inadmissible evidence in criminal proceedings, concluded that there is no unity among the authors regarding their understanding. Systematization of different points of view allowed the author to state that if evidence, which meets the requirements of the code of criminal procedure, are valid (enough), it is inadmissible evidence in a criminal trial should admit that evidence, which do not meet legislative requirements, i.e. obtained in violation of the code of criminal procedure. It is proposed to fix a specific list of criteria at the level of the law that allow recognizing evidence as inadmissible when forming, checking and evaluating it.

The pandemic situation that developed at the beginning of 2020 had a significant impact on almost all spheres of life in all states. The situation which had no precedents in recent history predetermined the need for adequate countermeasures on the Russian Federation leadership part. The introduction in almost all subjects of our state for a long period of non-working days as well as various prohibitive and restrictive measures have created a particularly difficult economic situation. At the same time, some citizens dissatisfied with the authorities’ activities are making attempts to destabilize the situation in our country, using the emerging external threat (COVID-19) in order to satisfy their personal political goals more often. There was a tendency for an increase in false information disseminated in the global network and especially in social networks and instant messengers regarding the reasons for the introduction of prohibitive and restrictive measures taken as a result of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Presently designed videos and messengers began to gain wide distribution which argued that the pandemic situation was fiction and was used by state authorities to hide their work shortcomings. This fact predetermined the need for an adequate response from the state and law enforcement agencies. In consequence there was the consolidation at the legislative level of criminal and administrative responsibility for the dissemination of false information regarding emergencies of a technogenic and natural reasons as well as violations of sanitary and epidemiological rules that entailed consequences of varying severity. The article examines the features of the current situation in this area and also concludes with a number of measures not only punitive but also organizational in nature which is to stabilize the situation through active preventive measures.

The article presents an analysis of the process of using special knowledge in the investigation of intentional bankruptcies in the Russian Federation. The article stipulates that deliberate bankruptcy involves the unlawful concealment of the debtor's property. To identify the mechanism for the commission of such fraud, it is advisable to appoint a forensic accounting expertise. The author points out the need to attract knowledgeable persons to clarify a specific list of documents to be inspected and seized, to establish compliance of testimonies with the normatively-established rules of doing business, to assist in raising questions for future interrogations of witnesses and perpetrators, to determine the purpose and value of liquid property, features of carrying out certain operations, as well as assisting the investigator in fixing the course and results of the investigative action using video and photo equipment.

The article deals with modern challenges connected with globalization processes and directly with conditions of citizens' self-isolation, peculiarities of investigation and disclosure of remote crimes and theft from bankcards. Swindlers quite actively use gaps in legislation and technical equipment of security systems. The article reflects the pressing problems that lead to a reduction in the detection of crimes committed in telecommunications using cellular communication and the global "Internet" network. The conclusions are drawn and proposals are made for the organization of cooperation between cellular operators and bodies carrying out operational and investigative activities at all levels in order to obtain online information that facilitates the detection of crimes in the criminal case and pre-trial inspection. It is recommended to take measures for consideration by the Government of the Russian Federation of certain legislative acts, which will serve to reduce the time of execution of requests sent by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia to various credit, banking, cellular organizations and companies, as well as the possibility of implementing in accordance with Part 3, Part 4 of Article 64 of the Federal Law of July 7, 2003 № 126-FZ "On Communications" measures to identify and suspend communication services of subscriber numbers used by convicts and persons in custody.

The establishment of objective truth in the course of the administration of justice is carried out on the basis of evidence, among which special importance is attached to the testimony and conclusions of experts and specialists. Official translations of texts, documents, etc. also take an important place in the evidence base. At the same time, they must meet the criterion of reliability, non-compliance with which entails the recognition of evidence as inadmissible, and the subjects who provided them are subject to criminal liability under Art. 307 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The indicated evidence is characterized by specific features arising from the object of encroachment, which includes the normal functioning of the justice system. The article analyzes the criteria for recognizing testimonies, opinions of experts, specialists, translation results as false, among which the main criterion is knowingness, reveals the delimitation of their falsity from erroneousness, and also analyzes the term "conscientious delusion" and its use when qualifying an act under Art. 307 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Despite the proliferation of cases of criminal prosecution for knowingly false testimony, conclusions, and incorrect translation in law enforcement, there remain a number of unresolved significant issues related to the qualification of the actions of the perpetrators. In particular, at present, the law does not provide for the commission of the crime considered in the article in the form of inaction, which creates difficulties for law enforcement officers when qualifying the offense by special subjects with procedural status. The purpose of this study is to identify problems that arise during the qualification of the actions of experts, specialists and translators who knowingly give false testimony, conclusions or incorrect translation. To achieve this goal, the author analyzed the specifics of the qualification of the crime in question, on the basis of which it was concluded that it is advisable to consolidate this form of criminal behavior in this case as inaction at the legislative level, which will avoid possible obstacles in qualifying the crime in question.

Economic crimes pose a particular threat to the development of the Russian state. Among the most common economic crimes, intentional bankruptcy should be highlighted. Given the serious damage that deliberate bankruptcy can cause, one of the priority areas of law enforcement activity at present is an effective investigation of these crimes. The purpose of writing a research paper is to analyze the process of using forensic examinations in the investigation of intentional bankruptcies. The article states that through these examinations on the fact of deliberate bankruptcy, a check can be made on the compliance of accounting documents with the actual state of the organization, a check on the organization’s assessment and the movement of fixed assets.

The public relations governing the scope of international law are the object of the research. As the subject the author chose the study of corruption from the point of view of counteracting this terrible phenomenon in the international legal format and on the basis of international law enforcement practice. The purpose of the study is the conduction of a comparative legal analysis of foreign experience and law enforcement practice in the field of combating corruption; characteristics of national anti-corruption systems of states, the choice of which for conducting research within the framework of the article is not accidental, since its expediency is determined by the author on the basis of statistical data on the situation with corruption in these states. A comparative analysis conducted by the author allows us to formulate conclusions: on the multidimensionality and inconsistency of this concept; on the one-sided interpretation of this concept, mainly in the criminal law plane; on the cumbersomeness of international legislation created by frequent duplication of the regulatory framework governing the field of activity investigated in the article; on rather weak mechanisms for adapting national legislation in the field of combating corruption to international legal norms; on the insufficient use of the civil society potential by states fighting corruption; on the absence of a specific (separate) body carrying out the fight against corruption in the format of international crime; on the need to develop a single trend (methodology) for the international community legal development in the designated area of research; on the fact that the effectiveness of the fight against corruption in the Russian state lies in the meaningful improvement of anti-corruption legislation with an emphasis mainly on domestic methods of legal regulation. The author proposes an interpretation of the concept of “corruption” the main components of which could make up the basis of this concept in the international legal interpretation.

The material in the article reflects some problematic issues of the criminal law impact on the prevention of violations of the rules that ensure the safe operation of transport (Article 268 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The emphasis is on the relevance of the problem, since the interaction of citizens with transport is increasing in the social space, and the level of culture of the behavior of the latter lags behind safety requirements. Explicit (gross) violations of these rules by pedestrians, passengers and other persons, lead to grave consequences: causing death and harm to health. Statistics on transport crimes, law enforcement on transport offenses, preventive activities, including measures of criminal law, in relation to these entities, require optimization to bring them into a single system: a) ensure road safety; b) stimulating the proper behavior of pedestrians, passengers and other persons in the areas and situations of interaction with transport on the roads; c) the whole liability mechanism for transport and road offenses. In the interest of improving the procedures for qualifying acts that fall under Art. 268 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, there is a need to make certain clarifications in the specified article of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and other regulatory legal acts.

The article identifies and studies the essence and features of the concept of "organized crime". It is concluded that, being one of the forms of crime, it should be considered as a specific phenomenon, the spectrum of manifestations of which is not covered by traditional criminal law institutions, and the consideration of the features of which within the framework of criminal and other anti-criminal legislation cannot be characterized as sufficiently complete and consistent. Organized crime is a complex criminal phenomenon. It is characterized not only by the systemic nature of the implementation of criminal activity, but also by a special cohesion.

Organized criminal groups are one of the serious threats to the state national security of the Russian Federation, since they commit serious and especially serious crimes. The danger of such groups is that their activities are directed against the public, state and private lives of citizens and other persons The purpose of writing a scientific article is to consider some features of an organized criminal group and develop proposals for improving criminal legislation. Based on these goals, the task of scientific research was to study the features that characterize criminal organized groups, their similarities and differences, the correct qualification of what was done by such criminal groups, as well as the theory and practice of applying the norms of criminal law. The relevance of this article is due to the fact that the criminal legislation does not contain some characteristic features of various criminal groups. The article reveals some similar and distinctive characteristics of organized criminal groups and the problems of recognizing these groups as such. Different ways of forming criminal groups and what is the danger of such groups to society. Circumstances that indicate the creation of organized criminal groups. Features of the objective side of crimes committed by criminal groups. In the criminal law literature, the characteristic features indicated in the article are interpreted ambiguously. In this regard, we believe that for an unambiguous interpretation and correct application of the criminal law for the following components, the composition, characteristics, and goals of banditry should be regulated by law. The article can be used in investigations and proceedings of criminal cases. The author makes a systematic analysis of the characteristics of criminal groups and offers suggestions for improving criminal legislation. As a result of the research, the author made conclusions about the need for: 1) clear legislative regulation of the composition, feature, purpose of banditry; 2) legislative regulation of qualifying features, as well as the purpose of criminal organized groups that can distinguish them from each other; 3) amendments to part 3 of article 35 of the criminal code to recognize a criminal group as organized.

Information technology and other modern achievements of science and technology are an integral part of human life. Most areas of the life of society and the state are switching to functioning in electronic format. This fact can significantly reduce the time for the implementation of various processes and make many actions as convenient as possible for people. The indicated technical progress primarily affected the financial and monetary sectors, where electronic means of payment are currently actively used. In these conditions, there is an intensification of criminal communities in the part of committing unlawful acts through electronic means of payment. The aim of this work is to analyze existing Russian mechanisms to combat fraud using electronic means of payment. Currently, there is a need to improve anti-fraud mechanisms in this area. It seems promising to take into account the practical aspects of fraud in this area in order to create effective mechanisms to combat this crime.

Prostitution as a social phenomenon has been known to Russian society since ancient times, but in most cases this activity causes a sharply negative attitude even at the level of everyday perception. The legal analysis of the spread of prostitution allows a high level of public condemnation of immoral behavior and state prohibition of certain actions in this area. Russian criminal law contains several provisions that provide for liability for crimes related to prostitution. Of particular importance for the effectiveness of counteraction to prostitution is currently the process of the primary getting into this activity. The purpose of this article is to identify the features of the fight against involvement in prostitution in the Russian Federation, taking into account modern realities. The author comes to the conclusion that it is not enough to use only criminal law instruments in the fight against involvement in prostitution. There is a need to take into account the identified features when organizing and carrying out work to counteract involvement in prostitution. Separate recommendations are formulated for working with the most vulnerable categories of the population. The development of the moral culture of the population and an increase in the level of legal literacy, which are able to prevent the analyzed illegal behavior, are highlighted as promising directions in the fight against involvement in prostitution.

This article discusses some features of the status of persons providing tacit assistance to bodies engaged in operational-search activities from a legal, moral and ethical point of view. The problems arising due to the fact that the legal status of this category of persons are not fully defined at the legislative level are analyzed. And public opinion about the cooperation of citizens with law enforcement agencies is ambiguous. The analysis of the position of the European Court of Human Rights regarding the use in the criminal process of the results of operational-search activities obtained with the help of persons secretly cooperating with the police.

The demographic and socio-economic development of any state depends on migration. This process affects all areas of the development of society. In this regard, the migration sphere is of interest to persons engaged in illegal activities. The author notes the need to combat illegal migration in order to ensure the national security of the Russian state. An important role in counteracting offenses and crimes is assigned to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, in the structure of which the Main Directorate for Migration operates. The main objective of this study is the analysis of the activities of law enforcement agencies to combat offenses in the migration sphere. The author analyzes the practice of combating illegal migration through operational preventive measures. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to develop an effective methodology for the prevention and suppression of illegal migration, and to implement coordinated immigration control.

The problem of juvenile delinquency is one of the most significant social problems, it is always under close attention, since crimes committed by teenagers are more violent than crimes committed by adults. They are committed with special aggression and malice. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the prevention of juvenile delinquency. One of the most effective means of preventing juvenile delinquency today is individual preventive work with minors, which is a targeted impact on teenagers, who can be expected to commit crimes, as well as influence their social environment. The purpose of this study is to identify the specifics of individual preventive work with minors used as a means of countering crime. At present, the prevention of juvenile delinquency is a complex of tasks and activities aimed at creating intolerance among adolescents to illegal behavior; it is a complex, versatile work based on the child's psyche knowledge. Analyzing the goals, tasks and specifics of individual preventive work with minors, the author comes to the conclusion that in the process of its implementation various forms and methods should be used, they depend primarily on the personal qualities of a teenager. At the same time, despite the variety of forms and methods of preventive work, it is impossible to prioritize one of them in relation to minors; the effectiveness of countering juvenile delinquency can be achieved only by a combination of the methods discussed in the article and if they are applied by a qualified subject: a teacher, a psychologist, a police officer.

If you investigated any criminal case (it does not matter what article of the Criminal code) the investigator or the inquirer have to install the necessary signs of criminal acts: form of guilt, the actions or inaction of the perpetrator, consequences, etc. In addition, it is necessary to find out the reason and motive that prompted the person to commit a particular crime. In the case of influence on the desire to commit a crime by third parties, the provocation of the crime must be established. The paper analyzes the experience of judicial practice on the issues of criminal law assessment of provocative actions that are associated with the throwing (tossing) of illegal items and substances in circulation (for example, these may be: narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues, firearms, ammunition, and others) to a person in order to form an artificial evidence base on the part of the prosecution.

The purpose of this study was to study the problems of countering crime through the achievements of modern computer technologies. The article considers the prospects of using modern technologies, in particular the capabilities of IP-cameras, GLONASS and artificial intelligence, in combating crime. At the same time, the possibilities of using the achievements of modern technologies, which are intended to become irreplaceable assistants of law enforcement officials in obtaining and using information about illegal and criminal activities of various anti-social elements, have been explored. Objectives of the study: The use of the achievements of modern technologies will make it possible to solve the problems of combating crime most effectively and to successfully carry out professional tasks by the employees of the internal affairs agencies. Conclusions: The results of the study show that the use of computer information search engines -IP-cameras, GLONASS and artificial intelligence, will become indispensable assistants of law enforcement officials in obtaining and using information about illegal and criminal activities of various anti-social elements.

The presented article is an attempt to review and analyze the specifics of fraud qualification in the sphere of crediting. The author reveals the issues requiring permission at the stage of initiation of criminal proceedings. Looking through and analyzing statistical data it is evident that one of the most widespread types of fraud in the sphere under consideration is credit card fraud. Globalization processes are increasingly providing opportunities for criminal groups to implement their plans in this direction. This article reveals topical issues of qualification of the crime provided for by article 159 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as well as its delimitation from certain, related elements of crime. An attempt has been made to analyse the concept of the sphere of lending, and the concepts of a bank and another creditor have been analysed and disclosed. The article analyzes the subject of the crime, as well as the subjective side of the crime. Special attention is given to the analysis of the way of committing fraud in the sphere of crediting. The question is investigated, whether granting to bank or other creditor knowingly false and (or) unreliable information is the proof of presence in the committed elements of crime, provided by article 159.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In our opinion, it is necessary to exchange opinions and experience on this issue. The need for some changes to Article 159.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the adoption of a new resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, which will resolve the difficulties existing today in the qualification of fraud in the field of credit.

Currently, juvenile delinquency is one of the most important areas of activity of state bodies and institutions. A special role is given to educational institutions. The behavior of adolescents, as well as his tendency to commit crimes, is influenced by many factors. Teachers not only work with adolescent families, but also actively monitor their lives on social networks, thereby being able to take action on time. Teenagers' behavior, as well as their propensity to commit crimes, is influenced by many factors: from family to social networks in which they spend most of their free time. Since educational institutions act as the subject that is closest to adolescents, therefore, it is the teachers who are able to respond in time to changes in the consciousness and life of the child, and protect him from entering the illegal path. In the article, the author analyzes the activities of educational institutions to combat teenage crime. The author comes to the conclusion that educational institutions are the main actors in the fight against juvenile delinquency, as they have a wide range of tools for implementing this function.

The subject of the publication is one of the most pressing problems in recent years - the alcoholization of young people and as a result, they commit crimes under the influence of alcohol. This article aims at a criminological analysis of the state of Affairs in this sphere, as well as assessment of the impact of intoxication on the crime, in which the authors came to the conclusion that alcohol, as a factor of "antisocial" behavior is not the direct cause of a criminal act, but is a fact, further contribute to the manifestation of socially dangerous behavior of individuals. The integrating basis for preventing deviant behavior on the part of minors is the improvement of ethical, aesthetic, and legal culture, including a return to national and cultural traditions, which is undoubtedly an important factor in the development of society.

The article deals with the specifics of actual compositions in procedural law. The author reveals the term of this definition, analyzes their essence and legal nature, touches on the classification of individual groups. The implementation of research tasks was achieved on the basis of an analysis of current legislation, in particular the criminal procedure code, the civil procedure code, as well as various scientific literature and monographs. This study focuses on the structure of the procedural factual system and its components, which are analyzed through a systematic approach. The methodological potential includes methods of comparative, logical and formal legal analysis, which allow us to fully reveal the concept, meaning and structure of actual structures in procedural law.

Based on statistical data, this article examines the importance of small business for solving problems to improve the socio-economic standard of living of the population in the country. The author analyzes its role in the formation of local budget revenues, paying attention to the need to develop such forms of small business as ecotourism, family business, and peasant agriculture. The author concludes that for the effective functioning of small business (small enterprises), it is necessary to establish interaction between small and large businesses, in particular, to provide financial support not only from the state, but also from large companies. In this article the concepts of "small enterprise", "small business", "small entrepreneurship" are applied as identical.

This article is a continuation of a series of articles on the draft new Criminal Code, developed by the author on the basis of the published Encyclopedia of Criminal Law in 35 volumes, in the writing of which about 500 scientists from Russia and other countries take part, and the author studies 75 foreign codes . The concept of the draft new code and the first five chapters were published in issues 4-6 for 2017 and 1-3 for 2018. Journal of the Library of Criminal Law and Criminology, 6-8 - in the 2-4 issue of the Journal of Legal and Economic Studies for 2018. 9-12 - in the specified magazine. This article addresses crimes against peace and humanity.

In this article, the author considers the functional guidelines of the procedural management of the preliminary investigation as a result of the activities of the leaders of the investigating authority, and also shows their significance for the theory of the criminal process and the practice of criminal investigation.

The situation is analyzed in the article associated with an increase in the number of infertile couples, with the problems of determining reproductive human rights, with their protection and regulation. It is concluded that assisted reproductive technologies (in vitro fertilization, surrogacy, etc.) are effective methods of treating infertility. There are heated debates among scientists, public and religious figures regarding the possibilities of using the achievements of biotechnology in the process of human reproduction. The problems associated with the use of genetic technologies in the process of artificial human reproduction are identified: the imperfection of the legal framework, in particular, the legal status of the human embryo, the legitimacy of its use for scientific research and therapeutic purposes. In Russia, methods of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have generally been used for a long time, but there is still no law regulating this area, but it is needed. Some countries have adopted such laws. Canada has passed the Assisted Human Reproduction Act. The article provides a detailed analysis of this law. In different countries, ART is treated differently: from the prohibition to state support, seeing in some cases a security threat, and in others - the potential for solving demographic and economic problems. Studying foreign experience, it is seen, that some countries use prohibitions on a number of methods of reproductive technologies. The article presents examples of the occurrence of legal liability for violation of these prohibitions. An analysis of legislation, practice, and scientific research related to surrogate motherhood allows us to conclude that where there is no clear legal regulation, there is the possibility of abuses and wrongs. The most common crimes committed in this area are human trafficking, fraud, extortion, falsification of evidence. Therefore, the process of improving legislation in the field of assisted reproductive technologies should continue.

The article provides a classification of measures aimed at streamlining and increasing the efficiency of information support for the activities of law enforcement agencies. Purpose of the study: classification of information support measures in the activities of law enforcement agencies. The results of the study are the development of measures aimed at streamlining and increasing the efficiency of information support for the activities of law enforcement agencies, differentiated by different complexes. In the course of the study, the author concludes that in order to organize information support for law enforcement agencies, it is necessary to carry out activities consisting of the following complexes: legal, scientific, technical, resource and personnel.